scholarly journals Prinsip Non Diskriminasi Tenaga Kerja Asing Dalam Kerangka GATS: Dimensi Kepariwisataan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Eka Krisna Yanti
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

This study aims to identify and elaborate the Non-Discrimination Principles of the GATS related to the use of foreign workers in the provisions of tourism. The main non-discriminatory principle used in this study is the principle of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) and National Treatment. Indonesia agreed to be bound on GATS by promulgating law Number 7 the year 1994 regarding the Ratification of Agreement on Establishing the World Trade Organisation, that ensures Indonesia to obedient non-discrimination principle on Indonesia’s regulations. As a member of GATS, Indonesia must submit a schedule of commitments that explain the types of services that are ready to apply the principle of non-discrimination. This research is a normative legal research by examining norms, principles, and related legal aspect of foreign labor in Indonesia. The authors found that there was a conflict of norms in the application of the GATS non-discrimination principle in Indonesian labor law in the trade of foreign labor services. Indonesia actually has its own sovereignty that can not be imposed by any party and in the application of GATS non-discrimination principle not by contradicting Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the basis of the development of employment. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelaborasi Prinsip Non Diskriminasi GATs terkait penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing dalam ketentuan kepariwisataan. Prinsip non diskrimininasi yang utama digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah prinsip Most Favoured Nation (MFN) dan National Treatment. Indonesia setuju untuk terikat pada GATS dengan meratifikasi Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 1994 tentang  Pengesahan Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization yang mengikat Indonesia untuk mematuhi prinsip-prinsip non diskriminasi dalam pengaturan perdagangan jasa di Indonesia. Sebagai anggota GATS, Indonesia harus menyerahkan  komitmen yang berisikan jenis perdagangan jasa yang siap menerapkan prinsip non diskriminasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan meneliti norma, asas, dan bahan-bahan hukum penunjang terkait tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ada konflik norma dalam penerapan prinsip non-diskriminasi GATS dalam hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, khususnya dalam penggunaan tenaga kerja asing. Indonesia sebenarnya memiliki kedaulatan tersendiri yang tidak dapat dipaksakan oleh pihak manapun dan dalam penerapan prinsip non-diskriminasi GATS tidak boleh bertentangan dengan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 sebagai dasar pengembangan ketenagakerjaan.

scholarly journals SOVEREIGNTY, NATIONAL INTEREST AND SECURITY IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES OF MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Belayet Hossain ◽  
Asmah Laili Yeon ◽  
Ahmad Shamsul Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Research Method ◽  
National Interest ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

At present, the BITs are playing a significant part in regulating foreign direct investment (FDI) in the host countries and like other members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Malaysia have also signed BITs to facilitate trade. Malaysia’s FDI laws and BITs mainly protect foreign investors, however, neither of them has any specific provision on the protection of sovereignty, national interest and security. This paper addresses the question, to what extent are sovereignty, national interest and security protected through BITs during entry of FDI into Malaysia? Using non-doctrinal socio-legal research method, the authors critically analyzed 15 BITs to explore whether they protect the sovereignty, national interest and security of Malaysia. The findings show that the existing Malaysian BITs contain provisions to promote and protect foreign investments but lack specific references to protect sovereignty, national interest and security, therefore, the government should consider these important factors when signing future BITs.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ITS IMPACT ON DYNAMICS OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS, WITH RESPECT TO INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar L.S
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context

International business is essential for the countries to generate Economic growth or to increase in exports and reduce in imports, it encompasses all commercial and economic activities between the nations to promote the ideas, resources, transfer the goods and services, technologies across the national borders. In every country has limited resources therefore a country cannot produce all the goods and services that it requires. The present context of the world, there is imbalance in production and supply factors due to Covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in market imbalances (demand and supply). The world economy has been hit hard by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, as on June end more than ten 10 million people around the globe had been affected by this pandemic, India, USA and others are worst hit countries with decrease in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and increase in unemployment rate. It may be useful to also note that prolonged lockdowns will eventually imply production shortfalls, may lead to increase in unemployment; decrease in demand for products, slowly running out stocks. In recent forecast of World Trade Organisation (WTO) indicated a clear fall in world trade between 13 per cent and 32 per cent in 2020, perhaps the highest fall since the Great Depression of 1930s. India and world can overcome the challenges by specific government fiscal and monetary policies, by providing economic relief packages and increase in employment opportunities by digitalisation in all the sectors of the economy to increase in accountability, convenience, and gross production, and investment, job security to casual labours or migrant workers. These factors may change the world present situation to productive or welfare economy. The purpose of the research paper is to explain Economic and Business crisis, due to covid-19 in present situation in India and the world. KEY WORDS: C0VID-19, GDP, ECONOMY and GLOBAL CRISIS.

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