scholarly journals 3D-PhysNet: Learning the Intuitive Physics of Non-Rigid Object Deformations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Stefano Rosa ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Niki Trigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intuitive Physics ◽  
Adversarial Training ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Partial View

The ability to interact and understand the environment is a fundamental prerequisite for a wide range of applications from robotics to augmented reality. In particular, predicting how deformable objects will react to applied forces in real time is a significant challenge. This is further confounded by the fact that shape information about encountered objects in the real world is often impaired by occlusions, noise and missing regions e.g. a robot manipulating an object will only be able to observe a partial view of the entire solid. In this work we present a framework, 3D-PhysNet, which is able to predict how a three-dimensional solid will deform under an applied force using intuitive physics modelling. In particular, we propose a new method to encode the physical properties of the material and the applied force, enabling generalisation over materials. The key is to combine deep variational autoencoders with adversarial training, conditioned on the applied force and the material properties.We further propose a cascaded architecture that takes a single 2.5D depth view of the object and predicts its deformation. Training data is provided by a physics simulator. The network is fast enough to be used in real-time applications from partial views. Experimental results show the viability and the generalisation properties of the proposed architecture.

scholarly journals The influence of uncertain loading on topology-optimized designs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hofer ◽  
Erich Wehrle
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Relationship

The design of structures using topology optimization can improve the structural performance and save material, in turn reducing costs. Using a framework of large-scale, three-dimensional topology optimization implemented by the authors in an open-source multiphysical software, we investigate the influence of uncertain loading on the optimized design. Direct differentiation is used to reveal the relationship between displacements and applied force, giving an efficient and effective tool to postprocess optimized topologies. The developed methodology for the assessment of the sensitivity with respect to applied forces is explored using two three-dimensional examples: the classic MBB cantilever and a cableway pylon. The advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.

An Accurate Real-Time License Plate Detection Method Based On Deep Learning Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 2160008
Author(s):  
Saeed Khazaee ◽  
Ali Tourani ◽  
Sajjad Soroori ◽  
Asadollah Shahbahrami ◽  
Ching Yee Suen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
License Plate Detection

In vision-driven Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) where cameras play a vital role, accurate detection and re-identification of vehicles are fundamental demands. Hence, recent approaches have employed a wide range of algorithms to provide the best possible accuracy. These methods commonly generate a vehicle detection model based on its visual appearance features such as license plate, headlights, or some other distinguishable specifications. Among different object detection approaches, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have the advantage of magnificent detection accuracy in case a huge amount of training data is provided. In this paper, a robust approach for license plate detection (LPD) based on YOLO v.3 is proposed which takes advantage of high detection accuracy and real-time performance. The mentioned approach can detect the license plate location of vehicles as a general representation of vehicle presence in images. To train the model, a dataset of vehicle images with Iranian license plates has been generated by the authors and augmented to provide a wider range of data for test and train purposes. It should be mentioned that the proposed method can detect the license plate area as an indicator of vehicle presence with no Optical Character Recognition (OCR) algorithm to distinguish characters inside the license plate. Experimental results have shown the high performance of the system with a precision 0.979 and recall 0.972.

The effects of speed on thein vivoactivity and length of a limb muscle during the locomotion of the iguanian lizardDipsosaurus dorsalis

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (20) ◽  
pp. 3507-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Nelson ◽  
Bruce C. Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
The Times

SUMMARYThe caudofemoralis muscle is the largest muscle that inserts onto the hindlimb of most ectothermic tetrapods, and previous studies hypothesize that it causes several movements that characterize the locomotion of vertebrates with a sprawling limb posture. Predicting caudofemoralis function is complicated because the muscle spans multiple joints with movements that vary with speed. Furthermore, depending on when any muscle is active relative to its change in length, its function can change from actively generating mechanical work to absorbing externally applied forces. We used synchronized electromyography, sonomicrometry and three-dimensional kinematics to determine in vivo caudofemoralis function in the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis for a wide range of speeds of locomotion from a walk to nearly maximal sprinting (50–350 cm s–1). Strain of the caudofemoralis increased with increasing tail elevation and long-axis rotation and protraction of the femur. However, knee extension only increased caudofemoralis strain when the femur was protracted. The maximum and minimum length of the caudofemoralis muscle and its average shortening velocity increased from the slowest speed up to the walk–run transition, but changed little with further increases in speed. The times of muscle shortening and lengthening were often not equal at higher locomotor speeds. Some (20–25 ms) activity occurred during lengthening of the caudofemoralis muscle before footfall. However, most caudofemoralis activity was consistent with performing positive mechanical work to flex the knee shortly after foot contact and to retract and rotate the femur throughout the propulsive phase.

FORCE AND VISUAL INFORMATION ACQUISITION IN AFM BASED ROBOTIC MWCNT MANIPULATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
XIAO-JUN TIAN ◽  
YUE-CHAO WANG ◽  
NING XI ◽  
ZAI-LI DONG ◽  
STEVE TUNG
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Visual Interface ◽  
Manipulation Process

Real-time force and visual information during MWCNT manipulation is required for online controlling MWCNT assembly based on atomic force microscope (AFM). Here real-time three-dimensional (3D) interactive forces between probe and sample are obtained according to PSD signals based on the proposed force model, and MWCNT manipulation process can be online displayed on the visual interface according to probe's position and applied force based on the proposed MWCNT motion model. With real-time force and visual information acquisition and feedback, the operator can control online MWCNT's manipulation process by adjusting the probe's 3D motion and applied forces. MWCNT push and assembly experiments verify the effectiveness of the method, which will be used in assembling MWCNT based nano device.

Phase-shift moire camera for real-time measurements of three-dimensional shape information

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Turney ◽  
Charles D. Lysogorski ◽  
Paul G. Gottschalk ◽  
Arnold H. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Evaluation of the mitral valve by transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (21) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Nemes ◽  
Marcel L. Geleijnse ◽  
Osama I. I. Soliman ◽  
Wim B. Vletter ◽  
Jackie S. McGhie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional Echocardiography

Jelenleg az echokardiográfia a legszéleskörűbben alkalmazott rutin noninvazív diagnosztikus eljárás, amelynek segítségével a mitralis billentyű morfológiája és funkciója jellemezhető. Ennek az összefoglaló jellegű közleménynek a célja az egyik legújabb echokardiográfiás fejlesztés, a transthoracalis real-time háromdimenziós echokardiográfia szerepének bemutatása a mitralis billentyű vizsgálatában.

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