scholarly journals Enhancing Context Knowledge Repositories with Justifiable Exceptions (Extended Abstract)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loris Bozzato ◽  
Thomas Eiter ◽  
Luciano Serafini
Keyword(s):  
Layer Structure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Exception Handling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deductive Database ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Stable Semantics ◽  
Database Technology ◽  
Meta Information

The Contextualized Knowledge Repository (CKR) framework was conceived as a logic-based approach for representing context dependent knowledge, which is a well-known area of study in AI. The framework has a two-layer structure with a global context that contains context-independent knowledge and meta-information about the contexts, and a set of local contexts with specific knowledge bases. In many practical cases, it is desirable that inherited global knowledge can be "overridden" at the local level. In order to address this need, we present an extension of CKR with global defeasible axioms: these axioms locally apply to (tuples of) individuals unless an exception for overriding exists; such an exception, however, requires a justification that is provable from the knowledge base. We formalize this intuition and study its semantic and computational properties. Furthermore, we present a translation of extended CKRs to datalog programs under the answer set (i.e., stable) semantics and we present an implementation prototype. Our work adds to the body of results on using deductive database technology in these areas, and provides an expressive formalism for exception handling by overriding.

A Formal Investigation of Semantic Interoperability of HCLS Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 177-208
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sahay ◽  
Antoine Zimmermann ◽  
Ronan Fox ◽  
Axel Polleres ◽  
Manfred Hauswirth
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Local Information ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Semantic interoperability facilitates Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLS) systems in connecting stakeholders at various levels as well as ensuring seamless use of healthcare resources. Their scope ranges from local to regional, national and cross-border. The use of semantics in delivering interoperable solution for HCLS systems is weakened by fact that an Ontology Based Information System (OBIS) has restrictions in modeling, aggregating, and interpreting global knowledge in conjunction with local information (e.g., policy, profiles). This chapter presents an example-scenario that shows such limitations and recognizes that enabling two key features, namely the type and scope of knowledge, within a knowledge base could enhance the overall effectiveness of an OBIS. This chapter provides the idea of separating knowledge bases in types with scope (e.g., global or local) of applicability. Then, it proposes two concrete solutions on this general notion. Finally, the chapter describes open research issues that may be of interest to knowledge system developers and broader research community.

scholarly journals Relatedness and TBox-Driven Rule Learning in Large Knowledge Bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2975-2982
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pirrò
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Rule Learning ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traversal Algorithm

We present RARL, an approach to discover rules of the form body ⇒ head in large knowledge bases (KBs) that typically include a set of terminological facts (TBox) and a set of TBox-compliant assertional facts (ABox). RARL's main intuition is to learn rules by leveraging TBox-information and the semantic relatedness between the predicate(s) in the atoms of the body and the predicate in the head. RARL uses an efficient relatedness-driven TBox traversal algorithm, which given an input rule head, generates the set of most semantically related candidate rule bodies. Then, rule confidence is computed in the ABox based on a set of positive and negative examples. Decoupling candidate generation and rule quality assessment offers greater flexibility than previous work.

A FRAMEWORK FOR HANDLING LOGICAL INCONSISTENCIES IN THE FUSION OF BOOLEAN KNOWLEDGE BASES

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
ÉRIC GRÉGOIRE ◽  
DU ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Fixpoint Semantics ◽  
Algorithmic Techniques

In this paper, a framework for fusing several Boolean knowledge bases together is presented. The focus is on detecting inconsistencies and overcoming them so that a consistent global knowledge base is obtained. The framework is based on two cornerstones: detecting inconsistencies using algorithmic techniques to compute minimally unsatisfiable sub-formulas, and adopting a logic-based weakening approach to restore consistency for the fused knowledge. The dynamics in the framework in terms of both model-theoretic and the fixpoint semantics is then investigated.

scholarly journals Encounters with Sexuality: The Management of Inappropriate Body Behaviour and Body Talk in Late Nineteenth-Century British Columbia Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Barman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Body Talk

Of all the issues that students, parents, teachers, and schools encounter, few are as difficult to manage as sexuality. We persist in believing that the body does not belong in the classroom except as an object of study or improvement. Inappropriate body behaviour and body talk with a sexual edge intimidates us, so much so that accounts tend to be oblique or non-existent. Their scarcity makes particularly valuable a set of records that survive from British Columbia in the late nineteenth century. Even though public education was then becoming centralized, a general unwillingness to face up to issues of sexuality caused almost all of the thirty allegations that were located in the superintendent of education’s correspondence to be resolved at the local level. The most frequent tactic used was parental boycott of the school. The allegations are divided between those against teachers and those against students. Regardless of who was implicated, the teacher was almost always caught in the middle and ended up resigning.

scholarly journals Encounters with Sexuality: The Management of Inappropriate Body Behaviour in Late-Nineteenth-Century British Columbia Schools

2004 ◽  
pp. 85-114
Author(s):  
Jean Barman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Almost All

Of all the issues that students, parents, teachers, and schools encounter, few are so difficult to manage as sexuality. We persist in believing that the body does not belong in the classroom except as an object of study or improvement. Inappropriate body behaviour with a sexual edge intimidates us, so much so that accounts tend to be oblique or non-existent. Their scarcity makes particularly valuable a set of records that survive from British Columbia in the late nineteenth century. Even though public education was becoming centralized, a general unwillingness to face up to issues of sexuality caused almost all of the thirty allegations that were located in the Superintendent of Education’s correspondence to be resolved at the local level. The most frequent tactic was parental boycott of the school. The allegations divide between those against teachers and those against students. Regardless of who was implicated, the teacher was almost always caught in the middle and ended up resigning.

scholarly journals Neutrality in religiosity studies in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Subhan El Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Interesting Topic ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effect

Religiosity studies in Indonesia is an interesting topic; however, one of the biggest challenges in studying religiosity in Indonesia is the neutrality of the researcher regardless of their attitudes toward religion. This editorial note will explore the meaning of neutrality in religiosity studies. Specifically, it emphasizes the responsibility of the researchers to understand the complexity of religion by acknowledging that religion can have a positive impact and/or negative effect on believers. Furthermore, the present note describes how studies on the psychology of religion in Indonesia can contribute to the body of knowledge not only at the local level, but also at the global context.

scholarly journals The Local and Global Knowledge Dynamics through Communities. The Case of Communities of Makers and Social Entrepreneurs in Barcelona

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ignasi Capdevila
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Global Linkages ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Knowledge Dynamics ◽  
Local Buzz ◽  
Networks Of Practice

Previous research has underlined the multiscalar character of the knowledge dynamics that are involved in the localized innovation processes. The article studies two types of communities of practice (CoPs) outside organizations located in Barcelona, by taking a community-based view of their local and global linkages. At the local level, our results show that community members participate in a “local buzz” while engaging in the development of ‘local pipelines’ with other local actors. Similarly, at the global level, local communities exchange knowledge through a “global buzz” generated around networks of practice (NoPs) while creating “global pipelines” with distant actors external to the NoP.

scholarly journals Using Twitter to Analyze the Effect of Hurricanes on Human Mobility Patterns

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ahmouda ◽  
Hartwig H. Hochmair ◽  
Sreten Cvetojevic
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Understanding human mobility patterns becomes essential in crisis management and response. This study analyzes the effect of two hurricanes in the United States on human mobility patterns, more specifically on trip distance (displacement), radius of gyration, and mean square displacement, using Twitter data. The study examines three geographical regions which include urbanized areas (Houston, Texas; Miami-Dade County, Florida) and both rural and urbanized areas (North and South Carolina) affected by hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Harvey (2017). Comparison of movement patterns before, during, and after each hurricane shows that displacement and activity space decreased during the events in the regions. Part of this decline can be potentially tied to observed lower tweet numbers around supply facilities during hurricanes, when many of them are closed, as well as to numerous flooded and blocked roads reported in the affected regions. Furthermore, it is shown that displacement patterns can be modeled through a truncated power-law before, during, and after the analyzed hurricanes, which demonstrates the resilience of human mobility behavior in this regard. Analysis of hashtag use in the three study areas indicates that Twitter contributors post about the events primarily during the hurricane landfall and to some extent also during hurricane preparation. This increase in hurricane-related Twitter topics and decrease in activity space provides a tie between changed travel behavior in affected areas and user perception of hurricanes in the Twitter community. Overall, this study adds to the body of knowledge that connects human mobility to natural crises at the local level. It suggests that governmental and rescue operations need to respond to and be prepared for reduced mobility of residents in affected regions during natural crisis events.

The Effect of Cultural Differences and Educational Technology on Distance Education in the South Pacific

2011 ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Jonathan Frank ◽  
Janet Toland
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Knowledge Based

Innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the development of global-knowledge- based economies are presenting higher-education institutions throughout the developing world with both opportunities and challenges. New opportunities for remotely located institutions are opening up, but the challenge is to ensure that these innovations can be utilized in a culturally appropriate manner at the local level. Despite a relatively low population base, the scattered geography of the South Pacific region has resulted in wide cultural variations between the different island groups. This makes the South Pacific an ideal region in which to explore the impact of cultural differences on online learning. This research investigates the opportunities offered by online learning; the focus is on the use of e-mail as a mechanism for encouraging Web-based interaction among students in two distance-education institutions with a culturally and geographically diverse student body.

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