scholarly journals Paleoenvironmental conditions during deposition of Kolosh and Gercus formations in northern Iraq as deduced from clay mineral distributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 4791-4801
Author(s):  
Ali Ismail Al-Juboury ◽  
Noor Talal Al-Taee ◽  
Zaid A. Malak
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

     A mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction supported by scanning electron microscopic examination on the Paleocene- Eocene Kolosh and Gercus formations from northern Iraq is conducted to show the distribution of clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental implications. Smectite palygorskite, kaolinite, illite, and chlorite are commonly present in varying proportions within the Kolosh and Gercus formations. Association of smectite and chlorite in the claystone of the Paleocene Kolosh Formation refers to marine environment of this formation, whereas development of palygorskite fibers from smectite precursor may relate to post-depositional diagenesis. In addition, the abundance of illite and kaolinite in the Eocene Gercus Formation suggests a greater influence of terrigenous input in humid conditions, affecting the distribution of these clay minerals. The study shows vertical change in clay minerals distribution when illite and kaolinite dominate in the Eocene Gercus Formation, in comparison to chlorite and smectite abundance in the Paleocene Kolosh Formation which may relate to global warming in the Eocene.

Fabrication and Property of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Y2O3-Yb2O3 Additions

2015 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chuan Bing Cheng ◽  
Run Hua Fan ◽  
Ke Lan Yan ◽  
Kai Sun ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintering Additives ◽  
Sintering Additive ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wave-transparent porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated using 9wt% multiple sintering additives of Y2O3 and Yb2O3. The influence of sintering additive composition on the porosity, mechanical properties and microstructure of porous Si3N4 ceramics was investigated. The results showed that the porous Si3N4 ceramics with porosity ranging from 32% to 43% were prepared. For the porous Si3N4 ceramics sintered at 1690°C, flexural strength, fracture toughness and the β-Si3N4 phase content increased as the Yb2O3 content of multiple sintering additives increased from 0 to 9 wt%. In most specimens, microstructures with interlocked fibrous β-Si3N4 grains and uniformly distributed fine pores were obtained with employing scanning electron microscopic examination and X ray diffraction analysis. Sinterability and phase transformation of Si3N4 with more Yb2O3 content were more pronounced than others.

scholarly journals Preparation of Reswellable Amorphous Porous Celluloses through Hydrogelation from Ionic Liquid Solutions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Idenoue ◽  
Yoshitaka Oga ◽  
Daichi Hashimoto ◽  
Kazuya Yamamoto ◽  
Jun-ichi Kadokawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Porous Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we have performed the preparation of reswellable amorphous porous celluloses through regeneration from hydrogels. The cellulose hydrogels were first prepared from solutions with an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), in different concentrations. Lyophilization of the hydrogels efficiently produced the regenerated celluloses. The powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic measurements of the products suggest an amorphous structure and porous morphology, respectively. Furthermore, the pore sizes of the regenerated celluloses, or in turn, the network sizes of cellulose chains in the hydrogels, were dependent on the concentrations of the initially prepared solutions with BMIMCl, which also affected the tensile mechanical properties. It was suggested that the dissolution states of the cellulose chains in the solutions were different, in accordance with the concentrations, which representatively dominated the pore and network sizes of the above materials. When the porous celluloses were immersed in water, reswelling was observed to regenerate the hydrogels.

scholarly journals Influence of the type of electrolyte on the morphological and crystallographic characteristics of lead powder particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nikolic ◽  
Vesna Maksimovic ◽  
Goran Brankovic ◽  
Predrag Zivkovic ◽  
Miomir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystallographic Characteristics ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
Secondary Type ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lead electrodeposition processes from the basic (nitrate) and complex (acetate) electrolytes were mutually compared by the scanning electron microscopic and the X-ray diffraction analysis of the produced powder particles. The shape of dendritic particles strongly depended on the type of electrolyte. The dendrites composed of stalk and weakly developed primary branches (the primary type) were predominantly formed from the basic electrolyte. The ramified dendrites composed of stalk and of both primary and secondary branches (the secondary type) were mainly formed from the complex electrolyte. In the both type of powder particles Pb crystallites were predominantly oriented in the (111) plane. Formation of powder particles of the different shape with the strong (111) preferred orientation was discussed and explained by the consideration of the general characteristics of the growth of a crystal in the electrocrystallization processes.

The SEM and EDS Energy Spectrum Analysis of a Beach Placer

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Xian Jun Lu ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Shu Gang Hu ◽  
Gui Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to study the phase of Fe and Ti in a beach placer , different methods such as the X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopic , electron probe microanalysis are used to study the characteristics of the beach placer . The research results show the major metallic mineral in the beach placer is titanic magnetite, EDS and energy spectrum map features of which indicate that the vast majority of titanic magnetite contain a certain amount of Ti , the two elements of Fe and Ti take on closely symbiosis and distribute more evenly in titanic magnetite. The Ti exists in the Magnetite lattice in form of isomorphism. The theoretical highest grade of Fe and Ti in the separated Magnetic concentrate are 66.02per cent and 4.86 per cent respectively. In addition, the beach placer contains a small quantity of Ilmenite which is hysterogenic and exists in the form of fine solid solution separation structure in the titanic magnetite

Synthesis, characterization, and solution studies of polyoxometalate-doped conducting polymers

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112091874
Author(s):  
Jothi Selvam ◽  
Bharath Samannan ◽  
Praveen Peter ◽  
Jeyabalan Thavasikani
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present research focus is to design a new catalyst by doping polyoxometalate (POM) in conducting polymers. Polypyrrole (PPy)-doped Keggin type POM [PMO12O40]3− with various molar concentrations were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The doped samples were synthesized and characterized using spectral techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectra, which show the presence of extended functional groups, and scanning electron microscopic morphology exhibits a square-shaped structure. X-Ray diffraction results reveal crystallite size of around 40 nm. The conductivity of PPy is 3.3 × 10−6 S cm−1, whereas polyacid-doped polypyrrole has resulted in increased conductivity of 7.12 × 10−5 S cm−1. The antimicrobial activity of PPy revealed a better antibacterial activity due to the presence of the NH group and aromatic ring in the structure.

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