Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
Noe Zamel ◽  
Sergio Menna Barreto ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valve Area

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.

Opening the Nasal Valve with External Dilators Reduces Congestive Symptoms in Normal Subjects

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Latte ◽  
David Taverner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valve Area

Background We examined whether the use of two different external nasal dilator devices influenced the size of the nasal valve area and symptoms of nasal congestion. Methods This was a randomized blind-allocation, open three-way crossover study of Breathe Right, Side Strip Nasal Dilators, and placebo. We studied 12 healthy subjects (10 female, 2 male; age range 26–56 years). Measures of total volume and total minimum cross-sectional area were collected. Subjective symptoms were collected using a visual analog scale and an ordinal scale. Results With both products, there was significant increase in the size of the minimum cross-sectional area compared to placebo, p = 0.004. This is supported by the decrease in the subjective reports of congestion; on the visual analog scale, compared to placebo p = 0.012 and the ordinal scale, compared to placebo, p = 0.004. Conclusion Both devices significantly increase the size of the nasal valve area and reduce congestion in normal subjects.

Nasoantral window assessment by acoustic rhinometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marais ◽  
A. G. D. Maran
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities

AbstractTwenty-five patients who had each had inferior meatal antrostomies performed were endoscopically examined and assessed with acoustic rhinometry six weeks and six months after surgery. No significant increase in nasal cross-sectional area could be demonstrated at the site of the antrostomy in the post-operative cases, although the nasoantral window was found to be patent in 44 of the 50 nasal cavities.

Acoustic Rhinometry: Impact of External Nasal Dilator on the Two First Notches of the Rhinogram

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. e247-e250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. N. Nigro ◽  
Olavo Mion ◽  
João Ferreira Mello ◽  
Richard L. Voegels ◽  
Renato Roithmann
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Aerosol Spray ◽  
Anatomical Correlation ◽  
Important Site

Background Acoustic rhinometry is more accurate in the anterior portion of the nasal cavities, from the nostril to the nasal valve (NV), the most important site of nasal obstruction. Literature presents different opinions regarding the anatomical correlation of the two notches at the beginning of the rhinogram curve in normal adult white individuals. The aim of this study was to present new data for a better understanding of the anatomic correlation of these two notches. Methods This prospective study included 32 nasal cavities under the following conditions: (1) basal condition, (2) with external nasal dilator strip (ENDS), (3) after decongestion (0.05% oxymetazoline chloride applied as an aerosol spray), and (4) after decongestion with ENDS. Results No statistically significant variation was observed in the cross-sectional area of the first notch (CSA1) after decongestion. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the CSA2 after ENDS. Conclusion Analysis of the results suggested that the first notch of the rhinogram refers to the nostril and the second notch refers to the NV as a whole. This study was part of the clinical trial NCT01411969 registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Acoustic rhinometry in dog and cat compared with a fluid-displacement method and magnetic resonance imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune P. Straszek ◽  
Finn Taagehøj ◽  
Søren Graff ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Nasal Cavities

An increasing number of studies have used acoustic rhinometry (AR) for study of pharmacological interventions on nasal cavity dimensions in dogs and cats, but there have been no attempts to validate AR in these species. This is done in the present study. We compared area-distance relationships of nasal cavities from five decapitated dogs (3.5–41 kg) and cats (3.8–6 kg). AR was compared with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a fluid-displacement method (FDM) using perfluorocarbon. AR measured 88% (98–79%) (mean and 95% confidence interval) of nasal cavity volume in dogs determined by FDM and 71% (83–59%) in cats. AR markedly underestimated nasal cavity dimensions when minimum areas were below 0.1 cm2 in dogs and 0.05 cm2 in cats. AR underestimation increased with the severity of the constriction and with distance. Cross-sectional areas in the deeper parts of the cavity measured 76% (99–54%) of FDM in dogs and 52% (66–39%) in cats. AR agreed well with MR, especially in the deeper part of the cavity. MR images showed that the nasal cavities had a very complex structure not expected to be reproduced by AR. MR could not be considered a “gold standard” because definition of the cross-sectional area of the lumen depended critically on subjective choices. FDM produced repeatable measurements and possibly offers the most adequate reference in future evaluation of AR. AR underestimated what we believed were the most correct cross-sectional areas determined by FDM, especially in the deeper part of the dog and cat nasal cavities. Despite these difficulties, AR has been shown to be useful to describe qualitative changes in cross-sectional area.

Two-dimensional Assessment of the Nasal Valve Area Cannot Predict Minimum Cross-Sectional Area or Airflow Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daman D. S. Bhatia ◽  
Tom Palesy ◽  
Raziqah Ramli ◽  
Henry P. Barham ◽  
Jenna M. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Airflow Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Valve Area

scholarly journals Quantitative magnetic resonance image assessment of the optic nerve and surrounding sheath after spaceflight

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Rohr ◽  
Stuart Sater ◽  
Austin M. Sass ◽  
Karina Marshall-Goebel ◽  
Robert J. Ploutz-Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Icp

Abstract A subset of long-duration spaceflight astronauts have experienced ophthalmic abnormalities, collectively termed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Little is understood about the pathophysiology of SANS; however, microgravity-induced alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to headward fluid shifts is the primary hypothesized contributor. In particular, potential changes in optic nerve (ON) tortuosity and ON sheath (ONS) distension may indicate altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics during weightlessness. The present longitudinal study aims to provide a quantitative analysis of ON and ONS cross-sectional areas, and ON deviation, an indication of tortuosity, before and after spaceflight. Ten astronauts undergoing ~6-month missions on the International Space Station (ISS) underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preflight and at five recovery time points extending to 1 year after return from the ISS. The mean changes in ON deviation, ON cross-sectional area, and ONS cross-sectional area immediately post flight were −0.14 mm (95% CI: −0.36 to 0.08, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), 0.13 mm2 (95% CI −0.66 to 0.91, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), and −0.22 mm2 (95% CI: −1.78 to 1.34, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), respectively, and remained consistent during the recovery period. Terrestrially, ONS distension is associated with increased ICP; therefore, these results suggest that, on average, ICP was not pathologically elevated immediately after spaceflight. However, a subject diagnosed with optic disc edema (Frisen Grade 1, right eye) displayed increased ONS area post flight, although this increase is relatively small compared to clinical populations with increased ICP. Advanced quantitative MRI-based assessment of the ON and ONS could help our understanding of SANS and the role of ICP.

Pulmonary Vessel Cross-sectional Area before and after Liver Transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-759
Author(s):  
Hilary M. DuBrock ◽  
Alexander A. Bankier ◽  
Mario Silva ◽  
Diana E. Litmanovich ◽  
Michael P. Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Vessel ◽  
Before And After

Effects of the Breathe Right Nasal Strips on Nasal Ventilation

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gosepath ◽  
Wolf J. Mann ◽  
Ronald G. Amedee
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Breathe Right Nasal Strips ◽  
And Training

The Breathe Right nasal strips are more and more commonly used, mainly by athletes, who hope to enhance their physical performance in competition and training. The effect of the device in such situations is uncertain and perhaps somewhat controversial. To investigate the effects of the nasal strips on nasal ventilation, 20 Caucasian individuals were objectively assessed using anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry. The results showed a significant increase in all subjects of transnasal airflow and in the average cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity that quantifies objectively the subjective impression of improved nasal breathing. In such patients where an improvement in nasal ventilation is desired, the use of the Breathe Right nasal strips seems to offer a beneficial treatment.

Infraspinatus Cross-Sectional Area and Shoulder Range of Motion Change Following Live-Game Baseball Pitching

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Pexa ◽  
Eric D. Ryan ◽  
Elizabeth E. Hibberd ◽  
Elizabeth Teel ◽  
Terri Jo Rucinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Before And After

Context: Following a baseball pitching bout, changes can occur to glenohumeral range of motion that could be linked to injury. These effects are in part due to the posterior shoulder’s eccentric muscle activity, which can disrupt muscle contractile elements and lead to changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), as measured by ultrasound. Objective: To assess changes in muscle CSA, and range of motion immediately before and after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following pitching. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Satellite athletic training room. Patients: Ten elite college baseball pitchers participating in the fall season (age: 18.8 [1.2] y, height: 189.2 [7.3] cm, mass: 93.1 [15.3] kg, 8 starters, 2 long relievers). Intervention: A pitching bout of at least 25 pitches (63.82 [17.42] pitches). Main Outcome Measures: Dominant and nondominant infraspinatus CSA, as measured by ultrasound, and glenohumeral range of motion including internal rotation (IRROM), external rotation (ERROM), and total rotation range of motion (TROM) before pitching, after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following the pitching bout. Results: Dominant limb CSA significantly increased day 1 after pitching, and returned to baseline on day 2 (P < .001). Dominant and nondominant TROM did not change until day 5 (4.4°, P < .001) and day 3 (4.5°, P < .001), respectively, where they increased. Dominant IRROM was significantly decreased for 3 days (day 1: 1.9°, P < .001; day 2: 3.1°, P < .001; day 3: 0.3°, P < .001) following pitching and returned to baseline on day 4, with no such changes in the nondominant limb. Dominant external rotation significantly increased immediately post pitching (4.4°, P < .001) but returned to baseline by day 1. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that infraspinatus CSA does not recover until 2 days following pitching, and IRROM does not recover until 4 days following pitching. Baseball pitching elicits damage to the posterior shoulder muscle architecture, resulting in changes to physical characteristics that last up to 4 days following pitching.

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