Pulmonary Vessel Cross-sectional Area before and after Liver Transplantation

Abstract A subset of long-duration spaceflight astronauts have experienced ophthalmic abnormalities, collectively termed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Little is understood about the pathophysiology of SANS; however, microgravity-induced alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to headward fluid shifts is the primary hypothesized contributor. In particular, potential changes in optic nerve (ON) tortuosity and ON sheath (ONS) distension may indicate altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics during weightlessness. The present longitudinal study aims to provide a quantitative analysis of ON and ONS cross-sectional areas, and ON deviation, an indication of tortuosity, before and after spaceflight. Ten astronauts undergoing ~6-month missions on the International Space Station (ISS) underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preflight and at five recovery time points extending to 1 year after return from the ISS. The mean changes in ON deviation, ON cross-sectional area, and ONS cross-sectional area immediately post flight were −0.14 mm (95% CI: −0.36 to 0.08, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), 0.13 mm2 (95% CI −0.66 to 0.91, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), and −0.22 mm2 (95% CI: −1.78 to 1.34, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), respectively, and remained consistent during the recovery period. Terrestrially, ONS distension is associated with increased ICP; therefore, these results suggest that, on average, ICP was not pathologically elevated immediately after spaceflight. However, a subject diagnosed with optic disc edema (Frisen Grade 1, right eye) displayed increased ONS area post flight, although this increase is relatively small compared to clinical populations with increased ICP. Advanced quantitative MRI-based assessment of the ON and ONS could help our understanding of SANS and the role of ICP.

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Quantitative computed tomographic measurement of a cross-sectional area of a small pulmonary vessel in nonsmokers without airflow limitation

Japanese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1007/s11604-010-0551-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Iwao Uejima ◽

Shin Matsuoka ◽

Tsuneo Yamashiro ◽

Kunihiro Yagihashi ◽

Yasuyuki Kurihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Airflow Limitation ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pulmonary Vessel ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Tomographic Measurement

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Infraspinatus Cross-Sectional Area and Shoulder Range of Motion Change Following Live-Game Baseball Pitching

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2017-0158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brett S. Pexa ◽

Eric D. Ryan ◽

Elizabeth E. Hibberd ◽

Elizabeth Teel ◽

Terri Jo Rucinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

External Rotation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Posterior Shoulder ◽

Before And After

Context: Following a baseball pitching bout, changes can occur to glenohumeral range of motion that could be linked to injury. These effects are in part due to the posterior shoulder’s eccentric muscle activity, which can disrupt muscle contractile elements and lead to changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), as measured by ultrasound. Objective: To assess changes in muscle CSA, and range of motion immediately before and after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following pitching. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Satellite athletic training room. Patients: Ten elite college baseball pitchers participating in the fall season (age: 18.8 [1.2] y, height: 189.2 [7.3] cm, mass: 93.1 [15.3] kg, 8 starters, 2 long relievers). Intervention: A pitching bout of at least 25 pitches (63.82 [17.42] pitches). Main Outcome Measures: Dominant and nondominant infraspinatus CSA, as measured by ultrasound, and glenohumeral range of motion including internal rotation (IRROM), external rotation (ERROM), and total rotation range of motion (TROM) before pitching, after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following the pitching bout. Results: Dominant limb CSA significantly increased day 1 after pitching, and returned to baseline on day 2 (P < .001). Dominant and nondominant TROM did not change until day 5 (4.4°, P < .001) and day 3 (4.5°, P < .001), respectively, where they increased. Dominant IRROM was significantly decreased for 3 days (day 1: 1.9°, P < .001; day 2: 3.1°, P < .001; day 3: 0.3°, P < .001) following pitching and returned to baseline on day 4, with no such changes in the nondominant limb. Dominant external rotation significantly increased immediately post pitching (4.4°, P < .001) but returned to baseline by day 1. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that infraspinatus CSA does not recover until 2 days following pitching, and IRROM does not recover until 4 days following pitching. Baseball pitching elicits damage to the posterior shoulder muscle architecture, resulting in changes to physical characteristics that last up to 4 days following pitching.

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Quantitative CT Measurement of Cross-sectional Area of Small Pulmonary Vessel in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.1115549 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 649A

Author(s):

Katsutoshi Ando ◽

Kazunori Tobino ◽

Yoko Gunji ◽

Makiko Kunogi ◽

Yoshito Hoshika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Quantitative Ct ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pulmonary Vessel ◽

Ct Measurement

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Arginine vasopressin during sinus rhythm: Effects on haemodynamic variables, left anterior descending coronary artery cross sectional area and cardiac index, before and after inhibition of NO-synthase, in pigs

Resuscitation ◽

10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.07.030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 366-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Viktoria D. Mayr ◽

Volker Wenzel ◽

Horst G. Wagner-Berger ◽

Karl H. Stadlbauer ◽

Erol Cavus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiac Index ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

No Synthase ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Before And After

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Biometry by ultrasonography of the epaxial and pelvic musculature in equines trained with Pessoa's rein

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20130604 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 2045-2051

Author(s):

Kátia de Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello ◽

Ricardo da Fonseca ◽

Andréa Machado Lopes ◽

Paulo César da Silva Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quarter Horse ◽

Before And After ◽

Muscular Function

This study aimed to evaluate the use of Pessoa's rein in training equine, as a support in exercise training, on biometry by ultrasonography of the epaxial (Longíssimus Dorsi, Gluteus Medius e Musculus Multifidus) and pelvic musculature (Biceps Femoris e Semitendinosus). Thereby, eight Quarter Horse mares was used, with eight years on average age, 400kg of body weight, trained with the Pessoa's rein twice a week, for two months. Variables were measured before and after training, consisting of assessment thickness (cm) of the Longíssimus Dorsi and cross-sectional area (cm2) of muscles, Gluteus Medius, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus and Musculus Multifidus. It observed a significant effect of training with Pessoa's rein, on the Biceps Femoris (P<0.01) and Musculus Multifidus (P<0.01), which the average cross-sectional area at the final evaluation were of 28.66cm2 and 14.29cm2, respectively. Thus it can be conclude that training with Pessoa's rein modifies muscular function, promoting hypertrophy Musculus Multifidus and Biceps Femoris of horses

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Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065897781286016 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Renato Roithmann ◽

Jerry Chapnik ◽

Noe Zamel ◽

Sergio Menna Barreto ◽

Philip Cole

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Acoustic Rhinometry ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Nasal Valve ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nasal Cavities ◽

Before And After ◽

Valve Area

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.

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Relationship between diaphragm length and abdominal dimensions

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 1815-1820 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Decramer ◽

J. T. Xi ◽

M. B. Reid ◽

S. Kelly ◽

P. T. Macklem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Length Change ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Quiet Breathing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography ◽

Before And After ◽

Length Changes ◽

Crural Diaphragm ◽

The Relationship

We examined the relationship between changes in abdominal cross-sectional area, measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography, and changes in length in the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm, measured by sonomicrometry, in nine supine, anesthetized dogs. During passive inflation, both parts of the diaphragm shortened and abdominal cross-sectional area increased. During passive deflation, both parts of the diaphragm lengthened and abdominal cross-sectional area decreased. We subsequently used the relationship between costal and crural diaphragmatic length, respectively, and abdominal cross-sectional area during passive inflation-deflation to predict the length changes in the costal and crural diaphragm during quiet breathing before and after bilateral phrenicotomy. In the intact animal the inspiratory shortening in the crural diaphragm was almost invariably greater than predicted from the relationship during passive inflation. During inspiration after phrenicotomy the crural diaphragm invariably lengthened, whereas the costal diaphragm often shortened. In general there was a good correlation between the measured and predicted length change for the crural diaphragm (r = 0.72 before and 0.79 after phrenicotomy) and a poor one for the costal diaphragm (r = 0.05 before and 0.19 after phrenicotomy).

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