Tropomyosin: A panallergen that causes a worldwide allergic problem

Background: Panallergens are proteins that take part in key processes of organisms and, therefore, are ubiquitously distributed with highly conserved sequences and structures. One class of these panallergens is composed of the tropomyosins. The highly heat-stable tropomyosins comprise the major allergens in crustaceans and mollusks, which make them important food allergens in exposed populations. Tropomyosins are responsible for a widespread immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity among allergens from different sources. Allergic tropomyosins are expressed in many species, including parasites and insects. Methods: This panallergen class is divided, according to it capacity of induced allergic symptoms, into allergenic or nonallergenic tropomyosin. Although vertebrate tropomyosins share ∼55% of sequence homology with invertebrate tropomyosins, it has been thought that the invertebrate tropomyosins would not have allergic properties. Nevertheless, in recent years, this opinion has been changed. In particular, tropomyosin has been recognized as a major allergen in many insects. Results: A high grade of homology has been shown among tropomyosins from different species, such as crustaceans and insects, which supports the hypothesis of cross-reactivity among tropomyosins from divergent species. Moreover, the emerging habit of consuming edible insects has drawn the attention of allergists to invertebrate tropomyosin protein due to its potential allergenic risk. Nevertheless, evidence about tropomyosin involvement in clinical allergic response is still scarce and deserves more investigation. Conclusion: This review intended to report allergic reactions associated with different tropomyosins when considering house dust mites, parasites, seafood, and insects, and to summarize our current knowledge about its cross-reactivity because this could help physicians to accurately diagnose patients with food allergy.

Download Full-text

Optimal cutoff values of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E to house dust mites and animal dander based on skin-prick test results: Analysis in 16,209 patients with allergic rhinitis

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4483 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

S. D. Hong ◽

G. Ryu ◽

M. Y. Seo ◽

J. I. Jeong ◽

H. Y. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Test Results ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Optimal Cutoff ◽

Prick Test ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin ◽

Animal Dander

Download Full-text

Common food allergens and cross-reactivity

Journal of Food Allergy ◽

10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Olivia L. Francis ◽

Kathleen Y. Wang ◽

Edwin H. Kim ◽

Timothy P. Moran

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Protein Stability ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Tree Nuts ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Systemic Reactions ◽

Hen’S Egg ◽

Fish And Shellfish

The most clinically relevant food allergens are cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and seeds. Heat-stable food allergens have molecular characteristics that enhance protein stability and gastrointestinal absorption and thus are more likely to cause systemic reactions on ingestion. In contrast, heat-labile food allergens lack these characteristics and do not typically elicit reactions if sufficiently altered by heat or acid. Immunologic cross-sensitization between food allergens is more common than clinical cross-reactivity. However, certain groups of food allergens, such as tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, are associated with high rates of clinical cross-reactivity. Knowing the rates of clinical cross-reactivity is important when providing guidance to patients with food allergy and families on what foods can be safely added to the diet and what foods should be avoided.

Download Full-text

Could FeNO Predict Asthma in Patients with House Dust Mites Allergic Rhinitis?

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56050235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Ioana Adriana Muntean ◽

Ioana Corina Bocsan ◽

Stefan Vesa ◽

Nicolae Miron ◽

Irena Nedelea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

House Dust ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

One Year ◽

High Level

Background and Objectives: The evolution of allergic rhinitis to asthma is a part of “atopic march”. The aim of this study was to analyze possible predictive markers for asthma occurrence in patients with allergic rhinitis to house dust mites (HDM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) were included. The clinical, biological evaluation and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement were performed at enrolment. The patients were clinically evaluated after one year to determine asthma occurrence. Results: The severity of rhinitis symptoms, levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and IL-6, but not IL-8 and TNF-α were higher in patients with allergic rhinitis who developed asthma compared to non-asthmatics, but the differences were not significant to considered them as predictive factors for asthma occurrence. The risk of asthma was independently influenced by patients aged over 30 years ((OR-3.74; CI95% 0.86–16.31; p = 0.07), a duration of allergic rhinitis over 12 months ((OR-4.20; CI95% 0.88–20; p = 0.07) and a basal FeNO over 28 parts per billion (pbb) ((OR-18.68; CI95% 3.79–92.05; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Clinical and biological parameters may predict asthma occurrence in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis to HDM. Adult patients with a longer duration of rhinitis symptoms and a high level of FeNO have a greater risk to develop asthma.

Download Full-text

IgE Cross-reactivity between the Cysteine Proteases Der p 1 and Act c 1, the Major Allergens from House Dust Mites and Kiwifruit

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.200 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. S49

Author(s):

B. Merima ◽

C. Radauer ◽

C. Ebner ◽

D. Allwardth ◽

W.R. Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

House Dust ◽

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Der P 1 ◽

Major Allergens

Download Full-text

The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Molecular Sensitization Profile of Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Central China

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892418787116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongshi Yang ◽

Rongfei Zhu ◽

Nan Huang ◽

Wenjing Li ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽

Mite Species ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Central China ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Der P2 ◽

Der P1

Background House dust mites (HDMs) are the major aeroallergens in patients with rhinitis and/or asthma in China. However, the molecular sensitization of HDM is varied in different regions. Objective To investigate the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( Der p) molecular sensitization profile of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Central China. Methods AR patients with positive skin prick tests to Der p were enrolled in our study. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for Der p, Dermatophagoides farinae ( Der f), Acarus siro ( Aca s), Blomia tropicalis ( Blo t), and Der p components Der p1, Der p2, and Der p10 were measured in all patients. Results A total of 130 patients were included. The overall prevalence of positive serum sIgE was 99.2% for Der p, 98.5% for Der f, 81.5% for Aca s, 83.1% for Blo t, 71.5% for Der p1, 64.6% for Der p2, and 11.5% for Der p10. HDM-AR patients with asthma displayed significantly higher concentrations of sIgE to Der p, Der f, Der p1, and Der p2 than did those without asthma ( P < .001). The prevalence of asthma in HDM-AR patients was higher among the patients sensitized to both Der p1 and Der p2 (62.8%) than those sensitized to only 1 allergen ( Der p1 26.7% or Der p2 16.7%; P < .05) or nonsensitized to Der p1 and Der p2 (19.4%; P < .001). Conclusion Der p has high cross-reactivity with other mite species. Der p1 and Der p2 are the major components to induce Der p sensitization among AR patients in Central China. Sensitization to both Der p1 and Der p2 may be a risk factor for developing asthma in HDM-AR patients.

Download Full-text

Precision Medicine in House Dust Mite-Driven Allergic Asthma

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3827

Author(s):

Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia ◽

Francisca Palomares ◽

Maria Salas ◽

Almudena Testera-Montes ◽

Adriana Ariza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Asthma ◽

House Dust ◽

Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Allergen Challenge ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Bronchial Allergen Challenge

House dust mites (HDMs) are the allergenic sources most frequently involved in airway allergy. Nevertheless, not every sensitized patient develops respiratory symptoms upon exposure to HDM, and there is a clinical need to differentiate allergic asthmatics (AAs) from atopic non-allergic asthmatics with HDM sensitization. This differentiation sometimes requires in vivo provocations like the bronchial allergen challenge (BAC). Interestingly, recent data demonstrate that non-atopic patients with asthma can also develop positive BAC results. This novel phenotype has been termed local allergic asthma (LAA). The interest in identifying the allergic triggers of asthma resides in the possibility of administering allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is a disease-modifying intervention, the clinical benefit of which persists after therapy discontinuation. Recently, new modalities of sublingual tablets of HDM immunotherapy registered as pharmaceutical products (HDM-SLIT tablets) have become commercially available. HDM-SLIT tablets have demonstrated a robust effect over critical asthma parameters (dose of inhaled corticosteroids, exacerbations, and safety), thus being recommended by international guidelines for patients with HDM-driven AA. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the phenotype and endotype of HDM-driven AA, and LAA, address the difficulties for BAC implementation in the clinic, and discuss the effects of AIT in AA and LAA.

Download Full-text

Group 10 Allergens (Tropomyosins) from House-Dust Mites May Cause Covariation of Sensitization to Allergens from Other Invertebrates

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2012.3.0036 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. ar.2012.3.0036 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Rubaba Hamid Shafique ◽

Muhammad Inam ◽

Muhammad Ismail ◽

Farhana Riaz Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

House Dust ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Published Data ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Cockroach Allergen ◽

Ige Binding ◽

Group 10

Group 10 allergens (tropomyosins) have been assumed to be a major cause of cross-reactivity between house-dust mites (HDMs) and other invertebrates. Despite all of the published data regarding the epidemiology, percent IgE binding and level of sensitization in the population, the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen in patients with multiple allergy syndrome still remains to be elucidated. Homology between amino acid sequences reported in allergen databases of selected invertebrate tropomyosins was determined with Der f 10 as the reference allergen. The 66.9 and 54.4% identities were found with selected crustacean and insect species, respectively, whereas only 20.4% identity was seen with mollusks. A similar analysis was performed using reported B-cell IgE-binding epitopes from Met e1 (shrimp allergen) and Bla g7 (cockroach allergen) with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The percent identity in linear sequences was higher than 35% in mites, crustaceans, and cockroaches. The polar and hydrophobic regions in these groups were highly conserved. These findings suggest that tropomyosin may be a major cause of covariation of sensitization between HDMs, crustaceans, and some species of insects and mollusks.

Download Full-text

Identification of Allergenic Component Tyr p 8 from Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Cross-Reactivity with Der p 8

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00633-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 506-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

En-Chih Liao ◽

Yi-Hsueh Lin ◽

Chih-Liang Chiu ◽

Ting-Chu Lin ◽

Jaw-Ji Tsai

Keyword(s):

Sequence Homology ◽

Positive Response ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Major Allergen ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACTGroup 8 mite allergens exhibit sequence homology to glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs), such as that fromDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p 8). GSTs have been identified as important allergens in studies of allergens from house dust mites, cockroaches, and fungi. Our objective was to purify the native group 8 allergen fromTyrophagus putrescentiae(nTyr p 8) and generate recombinant Tyr p 8 (rTyr p 8) for immunological characterization. The allergenicity was determined by antibody recognition, IgE inhibition, and triggering of the basophil-sensitized release of histamine, usingT. putrescentiaehypersensitivity sera. The results showed that the mRNA transcript of nTyr p 8 is 657 bp long, contains 218 amino acids with a molecular mass of 26 kDa, and exhibits 83% sequence homology to Der p 8. Serum samples from the allergic patients with an IgE-positive response toT. putrescentiaewere analyzed to determine their IgE response to rTyr p 8. The results showed that the sera of 48 subjects (45.3%) had specific IgE against rTyr p 8. However, sera of only 19 subjects (17.9%) had specific IgE against rTyr p 8 afterD. pteronyssinusabsorption. Histamine release was observed fromT. putrescentiae-allergic subjects in the presence of rTyr p 8. Both the nTyr p 8 andT. putrescentiaecrude extract had been demonstrated to possess GST enzymatic activity. Although the specific binding of serum IgE to rTyr p 8 was only 17.9%, which indicates that rTyr p 8 was not a major allergen, the positive response to rTyr p 8 was due to the cross-reactivity with Der p 8. The group 8 mite allergen might be of use in the design of a suitable allergen for diagnosis and for the development of novel immunotherapies.

Download Full-text

Importance of house dust and storage mites in canine atopic dermatitis in the geographic region of Galicia, Spain

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.56.2008.2.3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ana Goicoa ◽

Luciano Espino ◽

Isabel Rodríguez ◽

Anna Puigdemont ◽

Pilar Brazis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

House Dust ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Geographic Region ◽

House Dust Mites ◽

Dust Mites ◽

Storage Mites ◽

Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Sensitisation to mites is frequent in atopic dogs. The main mite genus involved in canine atopic dermatitis is Dermatophagoides . The importance of storage mite allergens in dogs has been controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitisation rates against storage mites ( Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae ) and house dust mites ( Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus ) in atopic dogs from Galicia, a highly humid and temperate region of Spain, using a FcɛRIα-based immunoglobulin E (IgE) in vitro test. The study was performed on 95 dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis and presenting detectable specific serum IgE levels: 91.6% of the dogs tested positive for storage mites, whereas sensitisation to house dust mites was detected in 87.4%. These results indicate the importance of storage mites in this specific geographic area.

Download Full-text