Comparing Approaches to Elicit Brand Attributes both Face-to-face and Online

Brand attributes play an important role in tracking customer-based brand equity. Therefore researchers need an effective approach for eliciting attributes. This paper has two aims: to determine which of four different techniques elicit(s) better results; and to test if online data collection is a viable alternative to face-to-face collection. The techniques compared are: Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET), Free Elicitation (FE), Repertory Grid (RG) and Projective Elicitation (PE). These approaches are compared on the number and variety of attributes generated, as well as respondent evaluation. FE is the best-performing technique in a face-to-face context, generating the most attributes, evaluated positively by respondents and providing a typical distribution of attribute types. We also provide evidence that online is a viable data collection method for attribute elicitation studies, except ZMET due to respondent drop-out. Online we recommend a combination of FE and PE to obtain a range and variety of responses.

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Awareness of the Signs, Symptoms, and Risk Factors of Cancer and the Barriers to Seeking Help in the UK: Comparison of Survey Data Collected Online and Face-to-Face

JMIR Cancer ◽

10.2196/14539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e14539

Author(s):

Katie Connor ◽

Briony Hudson ◽

Emily Power

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Collection ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Seeking Help ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

The Uk

Background Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, causing an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Low cancer symptom awareness has been associated with poor cancer survival for all cancers combined. The Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) is a validated, face-to-face survey used since 2008 to measure the UK public’s awareness of the symptoms and risk factors of cancer as well as the barriers to seeking help. Objective The aim of this study is to explore whether online data collection can produce a representative sample of the UK population, compare awareness of cancer signs and risk factors and the barriers to seeking help between data collected online and face-to-face, and examine the relationships between awareness and demographic variables. Methods Differences in awareness of cancer signs, symptoms, and risk factors among samples were explored while adjusting for demographic differences (age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, marital status, and country of residence) to distinguish the effect of data collection method. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for recall and recognition of signs and symptoms, risk factors, and barriers to seeking help. Results A total of 4075 participants completed the CAM, 20% (n=819) via face-to-face interviews and 80% online (n=3256; agency A: n=1190; agency B: n=2066). Comparisons of data collected using face-to-face interviews and online surveys revealed minor differences between samples. Both methods provided representative samples of the UK population with slight differences in awareness of signs, symptoms, and risk factors and frequency of help-seeking barriers reported. Conclusions These findings support a move to online data collection for the CAM. The flexibility afforded will enable the CAM to explore a wider range of issues related to the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.

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Comparing Face-to-Face and Online Data Collection Methods in Preterm and Full-Term Children: An Exploratory Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Paige M. Nelson ◽

Francesca Scheiber ◽

Haley M. Laughlin ◽

Ö. Ece Demir-Lira

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Data Collection Methods ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

Online Format ◽

Online Methods ◽

Collection Methods

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the landscape for children’s daily lives and the landscape for developmental psychology research. Pandemic-related restrictions have also significantly disrupted the traditional face-to-face methods with which developmental scientists produce research. Over the past year, developmental scientists have published on the best practices for online data collection methods; however, existing studies do not provide empirical evidence comparing online methods to face-to-face methods. In this study, we tested feasibility of online methods by examining performance on a battery of standardized and experimental cognitive assessments in a combined sample of 4- to 5-year-old preterm and full-term children, some of whom completed the battery face-to-face, and some of whom completed the battery online. First, we asked how children’s performance differs between face-to-face and online format on tasks related to verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, visual spatial, working memory, attention and executive functioning, social perception, and numerical skills. Out of eight tasks, we did not find reliable differences on five of them. Second, we explored the role of parent involvement in children’s performance in the online format. We did not find a significant effect of parent involvement on children’s performance. Exploratory analyses showed that the role of format did not vary for children at risk, specifically children born preterm. Our findings contribute to the growing body of literature examining differences and similarities across various data collection methods, as well as literature surrounding online data collection for continuing developmental psychology research.

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A Critical Exploration of Face-to Face Interviewing vs. Computer-Mediated Interviewing

International Journal of Market Research ◽

10.1177/147078530104300402 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Carolyn Folkman Curasi

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Frame ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Media ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

Using Data ◽

Depth Interviews

Since the early 1990s, the internet has dominated the attention of the media, academics and business organisations. It has the potential of being a revolutionary way to collect primary and secondary data, although much more research is needed to learn how to better harness its strengths. This project compares depth interviews collected online with depth interviews conducted face-to-face. Advantages and disadvantages are highlighted, as well as suggested strategies for successfully collecting online data. Major points are illustrated using data from a project in which both data collection techniques are employed. The online interview dataset included some of the strongest and some of the weakest interviews in the investigation. This paper argues that under some conditions online depth interviews can provide a useful complement to the traditional face-to-face interview. Sampling frame problems of non-representativeness, endemic in quantitative online data collection, is not problematic if the researcher is conducting an interpretive investigation. When the researcher's goal is not to quantify or generalise but instead to better understand a particular population, online data collection can complement other datasets, allow data triangulation and strengthen the trustworthiness of the findings.

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Business Ethics of Pakistanis in Islamabad and Lahore: Do Age, Gender and Data Collection Processes Make a Difference?

International Journal of Learning and Development ◽

10.5296/ijld.v2i3.1972 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽

Arif Sikander ◽

Naveed Akhtar ◽

Talat Afza

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Business Ethics ◽

Moral Development ◽

Development Theory ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Data Collection Process ◽

Human Resources Managers ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

And Gender

Pakistan is an emerging economy and a modernizing workplace. This research surveyed 318 citizens, managers, and employees in Lahore and Islamabad to measure their Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) based on age and gender, as well as to see if face-to-face and online data collection processes make a difference in their level of ethical maturity. Furthermore, this study contributes to the theory of moral development. The results suggest that age is a significant factor in moral development as it leads to higher scores in moral maturity. Gender is not a factor in the ethical maturity scores of these respondents. Kohlberg’s moral development theory regarding ethical maturity is supported since those who were older do have higher business ethics scores. Furthermore, significant differences were found based on the data collection process. These results can be helpful for human resources managers and expatriates who work in these cities with local professionals. Suggestions and implications are discussed.

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Methodological Reflections on Online Data Collection during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Populasi ◽

10.22146/jp.71694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Sumedi P. Nugraha ◽

Dewi H. Susilastuti

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Literature Review ◽

Research Experience ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Data Collection Methods ◽

Data Completion ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

Collection Methods

The pandemic closed the door for the use of conventional, face-to-face data collection methods. At the same time, it built a momentum for the exploration and utilization of online data collection methods. However, the belief about superiority of the offline data collection persists. The literature review and the authors’ research experience reveal that offline and online data collection methods yield similar result in terms of data completion and quality. All data collection methods contain weaknesses and strengths. Nonetheless, the online data collection methods are very versatile. They allow the researchers to choose the tools that best align with their research objectives.

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The Benefits and Limitations of an Online Qualitative Tracer Study

Ulum Islamiyyah ◽

10.33102/uij.vol33no3.318 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Suhaila Sanip ◽

Noor Fadzilah Zulkifli ◽

Mazlen Mohamad ◽

Muhammad Shamsir Mohd Aris

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Data Collection ◽

Movement Control ◽

Tracer Study ◽

Focus Group Interviews ◽

Online Data ◽

Face To Face ◽

Online Data Collection ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Collection Strategies

A qualitative tracer study of USIM medical graduates’ performance in the workplace was conducted by performing face-to-face and focus group interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the current curriculum. This paper discusses the challenges during the data collection stage and the needs to improve data collection strategies in response to the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) by the Malaysian Government. It will also analyse the benefits and limitations when adjusting the data collection strategies. In the beginning, data collection was administered via face-to-face (individual) and focus group interviews. When the MCO was enforced, the interviews were shifted to online methodology. This online adaptation provided the convenience of scheduling interviews and also comfort to the graduates to participate in their homes that normally had better internet access than in the hospitals. The risk of exposure to COVID-19 through face-to-face interactions was therefore reduced. Although the usage of Microsoft Teams was conducive to online recording, some graduates were not able to access the application during their scheduled interviews. As such, Google Meet was employed instead, and the interviews were recorded by using a voice recorder. Besides, the saving in travelling costs for data collection was significant as the extra budget could be allocated for other research expenditure. In this study, Microsoft Teams licence was provided by the university and Google Meet was free of charge. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an opportunity for the adoption of an online data collection method that was not reckoned with at the beginning of this study. Online data collection can therefore be considered for both qualitative and quantitative studies in the future.

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