Tusaaji Tusilaartuq: When the Translator Must be Hard of Hearing

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Jacques Dorais
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Target Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Written Texts

This article examines how translation to and from Inuktitut, the language of the Eastern Canadian Inuit, often compels the translator to create new words or explanatory phrases in the target language, in order to cope with the existing cultural and semantic gaps between most Indigenous languages and languages of wider communication. Moreover, the transcription of Inuktitut into the syllabic script also entails phonetic distortions. The article concludes that some types of translations in Inuktitut are practically useless, but that more Inuktitut oral and written texts should be translated into mainstream languages.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ CODE SWITCHING IN EFL CLASSROOMS SETTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Muslim Muslim ◽  
H Sukiyah ◽  
Arif Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
New Words ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Efl Classrooms

This study aims to investigates a phenomenon of bilingualism in which the use of Target language (English) is switched to target Indonesia, known as code switching (CS). More specifically, the study focuses on the types of CS and the functions of CS in EFL classrooms setting. The data were obtained from classroom observations through audio recording and field notes from two different English classes. The finding reveals that both the teachers and the students employed three types of CS: inter-sentential, tag-switching, and inter-sentential switching in different contexts. Furthermore, the different frequency of CS functions employed by teachers and students’ occurs both in two classes for two reasons: for social and pedagogical functions. Socially, CS in this study served as (1) conveying teacher’s admonition, (2) requesting for help, (3) helping other students, (4) commenting on the students’ unsatisfactory answers, and (5) building unofficial interaction among the students. Pedagogically, CS served to (1) explain or repeat ununderstandable utterances which has been said previously in order to help students understand it, (2) check the students’ understanding to the new words or expression introduced in the lesson, (3) translate sentence when students learn about grammatical features (4) repair self mistakes, (5) clarify teachers’ misunderstanding, and (6) initiate a question.

scholarly journals The Deformation of Language in James Joyce’s Literary Works: Interpretation and Translation Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-472
Author(s):  
Natalya M Nesterova ◽  
Evgeniya A Naugolnykh
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Finnegans Wake ◽  
New Words ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Target Languages

The paper deals with studying language deviations of different types in James Joyce’s Ulysses and Finnegans Wake . Deviations in general are known to be a departure from a norm or accepted standard; in linguistics deviations are viewed as an artistic device that can be applied in different forms and at various textual levels. The author’s language deformation is analyzed as a form of deviation used for expressing the writer’s language knowledge. It is concluded that in Ulysses the destruction of the language is thoroughly thought out and multi-aimed. For instance, occasional compound units that dominate the novel imitate the style of Homer, reviving the ancient manner in contemporary language. Despite the use of conventional word-building patterns, rich semantic abundance being the basic principle of Joyce's poetics seriously complicates interpretation of the new words in the source language. The attempt is also made to systematize deviation techniques in Finnegans Wake . In particular, multilinguality is found to be the base of the lexical units created by J. Joyce. Such hybrid nonce words produce the polyphony effect and trigger the mechanism of polysemantism together with unlimited associativity of the textual material, broadening the boundaries of linguistic knowledge as a whole. Additionally, certain results of a deeper comparative analysis of the ways to translate the author’s deviations into Russian are given. The analysis of three Russian versions of Ulysses and the experimental fragmentary translation of Finnegans Wake show that there exists some regularity in the choice of translation method, particularly its dependence on the structural similarities/ differences of the source and the target languages, as well as the language levels affected by J. Joyce in the process of lingual destruction. The impossibility of complete conveyance of the semantic depth of the text and stylistic features in the target language is noted.

scholarly journals A Study of Vocabulary Learning Strategies and their Effect on Vocabulary Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Sunimali Nagodavithana ◽  
Kaushika Premarathne
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
New Words ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Esl Learners

Language learners use Vocabulary Learning Strategies to learn new words or to consolidate the meaning of words they have already learnt. This paper presents findings of a study conducted to examine the vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) used by English as a second language (ESL) learners when learning English at tertiary level, in Sri Lanka.   The aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of VLS used by ESL learners with the view of adopting better vocabulary teaching methods in the classroom. The study made use of a questionnaire, a vocabulary learning activity and a delayed post-test to obtain data.  Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies was utilized in categorizing the data collected. The research brought to light the common strategies used by learners when learning the meaning of unfamiliar words in the target language and the strategies used by them when recalling the meaning of already learnt words.  The results show that when students fall back on their mother tongue to learn and retain the meaning of target language vocabulary it impedes the vocabulary learning process, the development of reading skills and target language proficiency.

scholarly journals English text to Indian Sign Language Machine Translation: A Rule Based Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S) ◽  
pp. 460-467
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Translation Mechanism ◽  
Indian Sign Language

The hearing challenged community all over world face difficulties to communicate with others. Machine translation has been one of the prominent technologies to facilitate a two way communication to the deaf and hard of hearing community all over the world. We have explored and formulated the fundamental rules of Indian Sign Language and implemented as a translation mechanism of English Text to Indian sign Language glosses. The structure of the source text is identified and transferred to the target language according to the formulated rules and sub rules. The intermediate phases of the transfer process is also mentioned in this research work.

scholarly journals Theoretical and practical reviews of the Indonesian translated “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” novel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Zulfadli A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Words ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Proper Translation

This paper investigates the results of translation of the English novel “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” into Indonesian. The Indonesian version of the novel was compared with the English original one to find the translation practices used by the translator. The translation was analysed by focusing on the strategies the translator used in translating the text from the Second Language into the Target Language. It was found that the translator of the novel used four strategies: foreignization and domestication, cultural equivalences, zero-translation, and pragmatic translation. Furthermore, the cultural differences and new words which were created by the original author were the most difficult ones to find equivalences for in Indonesian. The translator tended to use original words from the source text un-translated into the TL. As a result, the target text does not read smoothly, or naturally, and may sound “foreign” to readers. It is suggested that translators should attempt to translate literary works by applying proper translation theory and practice.

scholarly journals Speeding up Vocabulary Acquisition through Action Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Ameerchund (Ashraf) Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Words

Gaining a wider vocabulary is fundamental to language learning. It follows then that the faster students engage and learn new words, the faster will be their proficiency with the target language. Multi-Dimensional Vocabulary Acquisition (or MDVA) means approaching new terms / concepts from a variety of perspectives so that the target word is thoroughly analysed, giving students access to all dimensions of the word. There are many dimensions or elements that will help elucidate and unlock meaning, but for the purposes of this chapter new words will be looked at in terms of their antonyms, synonyms and associated words, rhyming counterparts, idiomatic usage, gender considerations, diminutive implications, proverbial usage and likely confusion with other words. In this study the author employs an Action Research methodology where practical classroom exercises involving students’ writing efforts pre- and post MDVA are closely examined. Using the familiar “spiral of cycles” approach, it becomes clear that “unpacking” the target word means that the meaning of many other words associated with the target word becomes explicit. A workshop with faculty is included as part of the practical application of MDVA. 

Incidental pragmatics learning in telecollaborative exchanges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Del Bono ◽  
Elena Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Previous Round ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

This paper aims to explore the outcomes of incidental pragmatics learning in the context of a telecollaboration programme, with a focus on the speech acts of criticising and suggesting. The programme involved Italian learners of English and American learners of Italian. It was organised around weekly Zoom video calls over an academic semester. Every second virtual encounter was devoted to providing and discussing feedback on written texts produced by the partner in the target language. The discussion was held in the feedback provider’s L2. For this study, we focused on three intermediate-to-advanced learners of English whose data were analysed longitudinally. English native speakers’ data, collected during a previous round of the telecollaboration programme, were analysed as a reference baseline. Signs of development in the linguistic behaviour of the three learners were observed with regard to the pragmatic strategies they used to comment on their partners’ errors, but not in the distribution of internal modifiers and supportive moves.

The Problem of Meaning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Farriss
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Gospel Message ◽  
Christian Discourse

Missionaries and Indian elites cooperated in translating the gospel message into the indigenous languages. They faced an inevitable trade-off between fidelity to Christian orthodoxy and intelligibility within the alien Mesoamerican culture. The result was either a deficit of meaning for the neophytes or a surplus of meaning created by attaching alien indigenous connotations to the Christian discourse. Zapotec and other indigenous doctrinal texts reveal a range of choices: at one extreme, terms deemed untranslatable, like “God” and “soul,” were imported as loan words; at another extreme, difficult terms were given elaborate explanatory glosses (periphrasis) in the target language, which elucidated meaning but at the expense of economy and fluency of expression.

scholarly journals Getting to Know about Readability Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Dhion Meitreya Vidhiasi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Readability Level

English is a language that is still difficult to "conquer", especially with its status as a foreign language. Not only is it difficult in terms of pronunciation, but also most Indonesians still have difficulty understanding the English translation text that has been translated into Indonesian. This study will explain the level of readability of a reading text. The level of readability greatly affects how a text can be understood by readers who come from the target language. There are 3 (three) readability levels: high, medium, and low readability. In addition, there are several things that affect the readability of a translated text, such as the use of new words, idioms, and taxa sentences. Translating a word or a reading text not only requires knowledge of translation techniques but also the translator's competence and understanding of the context of the text to be translated.

scholarly journals The Inter-Linguistic and the Cross-Linguistic Influence on the Acquisition of L2 (English) Linguistic Items: A Case Study in the Context of ALEs as Postgraduate Learners

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Anwar Mourssi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Cross ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

<p><em>This paper represents an empirical study investigatingone of the most common issues namely the inter-linguistic and the cross-linguistic influence of the L1 in learning L2 grammar in general, and specifically the acquisition of the simple past tense</em><em>in the context of Arab Learners of English (ALEs) as postgraduate learners</em><em>. This study is an extension to a previous one which was run on undergraduate learners of English (Mourssi,</em><em> </em><em>2013c). The researcher believes that the simple past tense forms produced by learners sometimes appear to have originated in L1, sometimes in L2, and sometimes in L1 and L2 at the same time. </em><em>This case study was conducted on 30 Arab Learners of English (ALEs) which lasted thirteen weeks. A detailed analysis was made on the simple past tense forms in 90 written texts produced by ALEs enrolled in foundation course Level Two. Written texts were collected from each subject at three stages in the experiment (after the first week, after six weeks and after twelve weeks). Quantitative and qualitative analyses show the </em><em>c</em><em>ross-linguistic influence of L1 (Arabic) and </em><em>Inter-linguistic influence</em><em> </em><em>of the target language</em><em>in acquiring the linguistic items of L2 (English) in general and in acquiring the simple past in particular.</em><em></em></p>

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