scholarly journals Las mujeres indígenas, víctimas invisibles del conflicto armado en Colombia. La violencia sexual, estrategia de guerra

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Concejo de Mujeres, Familias y Generaciones. Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC)
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Precarious Situation

Resumen: En este informe, entregado a la señoraMargot Wallström, Representante Especial del SecretarioGeneral de las Naciones Unidas, sobre ViolenciaSexual en Conflictos, en su visita a Colombia, en Bogotá,16 de mayo de 2012, se ofrece un contexto general de laprecaria situación de los pueblos indígenas de Colombiadebido al conflicto armado, y a la presencia de fuerzasarmadas del país en territorios donde se desarrollan macro-proyectos. Luego se narra una serie de casos emblemáticosde violencia sexual y violaciones de los derechoshumanos de las mujeres indígenas, documentados pordistintas organizaciones no-gubernamentales, y se describenlas condiciones de impunidad y falta de atenciónpor parte del sistema de justicia. Finalmente se hacenuna serie de recomendaciones, de formas cómo la señorarepresentante debe exigir al gobierno colombiano que seprotejan los derechos de las mujeres indígenas.Palabras clave: Mujeres indígenas, Colombia, pueblosindígenas, violencia sexual, conflicto armadoIndigenous Women as Invisible Victims of theArmed Conflict in Colombia. Sexual Violence as a WarStrategyAbstract: This report, given to Mrs. Margot Wallström,Special Representative of the General Secretaryof the United Nations for Sexual violence in conflicts,when she visited Bogotá on May 16, 2012, offers a generalcontext of the precarious situation of the indigenouspeoples of Colombia due to the armed conflict and to thepresence of armed forces in territories when major developmentprojects are carried out. A series of emblematiccases of sexual violence and women’s human rightsviolations is narrated, and the conditions of impunity anlack of attention on the part of the justice system. Finally,some recommendations are made about ways in whichthe Special Representative should demand the protectionof the rights of indigenous women on the part of the Colombiangovernment.Key Words: Indigenous women, Colombia, indigenouspeoples, sexual violence, armed conflict Informe presentado a la señora Margot Wallström, Representante Especial del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, sobre Violencia Sexual en Conflictos, en su visita a Colombia, en Bogotá, 16 de mayo de 2012. Sometido por el Concejo de Mujeres, Familias y Generaciones de la Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC).Traducido por Gabriela Castellanos.

Children and Armed Conflict

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mapp
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Negative Impacts

The United Nations has defined six grave violations that occur in war that impact children: killing or maiming of children, recruitment or use of children as soldiers, sexual violence against children, attacks against schools or hospitals, denial of humanitarian access for children, and abduction of children. These violations have a myriad of negative impacts on children, including biological, psychological, and social effects. Culturally appropriate support and care provided at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels can help alleviate these impacts and help children recover from these experiences.

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Happold
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Optional Protocol ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations

On 25 May 2000, the United Nations General Assembly, adopted, without a vote, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (‘the Optional Protocol’). The adoption of the Optional Protocol was the culmination of a long process, extending over some ten years and originating in the dissatisfaction felt by a number of states and NGOs at the level of protection afforded to children by the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘the CRC’). The Optional Protocol marks a significant step towards the prohibition of the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups and their participation in hostilities. However, its contents were the result of a compromise that left many dissatisfied, and questions remain about the likely efficacy of the Optional Protocol in ending the phenomenon of child soldiers. Critics see the Optional Protocol as the product of a dialogue between developed states, western-based NGOs and the United Nations' bureaucracy, who prefer standard-setting to tackling the root causes of the use of child soldiers.

The application of humanitarian law by the armed forces of the United Nations Organization

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (206) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sandoz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The United Nations

The events in Lebanon and the despatch of a UN armed force to keep the peace there brings into focus a problem which cannot be ignored, the application of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts. This problem has two aspects:— What is the nature of the armed forces which the UN commits or can commit at the present time?— To what extent are these armed forces obliged to apply humanitarian law?

International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (293) ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Doswald-Beck ◽  
Sylvain Vité
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The United Nations

International humanitarian law is increasingly perceived as part of human rights law applicable in armed conflict. This trend can be traced back to the United Nations Human Rights Conference held in Tehran in 1968 which not only encouraged the development of humanitarian law itself, but also marked the beginning of a growing use by the United Nations of humanitarian law during its examination of the human rights situation in certain countries or during its thematic studies. The greater awareness of the relevance of humanitarian law to the protection of people in armed conflict, coupled with the increasing use of human rights law in international affairs, means that both these areas of law now have a much greater international profile and are regularly being used together in the work of both international and non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals Más allá de la victimización. Resistencias, creaciones y cuestionamientos = Beyond victimization. Resistances, creations and questionings

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ana Valero Rey
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen: Este artículo nace de una investigación doctoral que analiza las re-formulaciones identitarias de las mujeres indígenas desplazadas en el contexto de conflicto armado en Colombia. El objetivo del mismo es mostrar cómo la condición de víctimas trae consigo estrategias de resistencia, creaciones y cuestionamientos. Desde las circunstancias que viven muestro cómo las identidades de género, etnia y desplazada son base de vulneración de sus derechos. Asimismo, las mujeres indígenas, como sujetos activas, re-formulan sus identidades tras pasar por situaciones de ruptura de las mismas. Se posicionan como agentes de cambio, generadoras de nuevos discursos y prácticas. A través de estas realidades advertimos las redes y movilizaciones que las mujeres indígenas están llevando a cabo, así como las reflexiones y cuestionamientos que se dan desde el activismo y el campo teórico. Palabras clave: identidad de género, identidad étnica, violencia, resistencia, discursos propios. Abstract: This article builds on my doctoral research which analyzed reformulations of identity of displaced indigenous women in the context of armed conflict in Colombia. The objective is to show how the condition of victims bring about resistance strategies, creations and questions. Focusing on the case of displaced indigenous women, I show how identities of gender, ethnicity and displacement are based on infringement of their rights. Furthermore, indigenous women, as active subjects, reformulate their identities after going through situations of rupture. They position themselves as agents of change, generating new discourses and practices. Through these realities we advise the networks and mobilizations that indigenous women are carrying out, as well as reflections and questions which they make, both from the perspectives of activism and theory. Keywords: gender identity, ethnic identity, violence, resistance, own discourses.doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3550 

scholarly journals Commentary: Women’s Empowerment and Addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the DRC

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Eileen Alma
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Police

In the last two years, ethnically motivated sexual and gender-based violence rose in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country marked with ethnic-based tensions and conflict over the control of its extractive industries over decades. According to the 2018 Report of the United Nations Secretary General to the United Nations, sexualized violence cases emerged and spread in several provinces in 2017 with at least 804 cases of conflict-related sexual violence in this period, affecting 507 women, 265 girls, 30 men and 2 boys. Despite progress by the international community actors to end these abhorrent practices, this marks a significant increase from the previous year and the delay in national elections has exacerbated conflict. Both non-state actors and state actors are identified perpetrators of sexual violence, including the Congolese National Police.

A Winding Road to the Additional Protocols (1950–1968)

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-129
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter traces the events that followed the adoption of Common Article 3 (CA3) in 1949 until 1968. It analyzes formal debates that resurfaced in the United Nations (UN) about revising and developing the international legal rules for armed conflict, which lead to the negotiation of the two Additional Protocols (APs) that complement the 1949 Geneva Conventions. It also explains how the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) rested on its laurels through the extension of CA3 on situations of internal violence that could not be plausibly characterized as armed conflict. The chapter mentions ICRC activities between 1950 and the mid-1960s that reveal persistent efforts to make up for the operation of CA3 in the gray zones. It examines interruption of the reflection of the ICRC by episodes of frustration and abuse that involve concerns about detained persons in diverse internal violent contexts.

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