scholarly journals Memoria secuencial auditiva y memoria verbal en alumnado con discapacidad intelectual

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Ramos Gutiérrez ◽  
Carlos Valiente Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Test Sentence ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Discapacidad Intelectual

Introducción. El modelo de Baddeley sobre memoria de trabajo establece la base para identificar los componentes que intervienen en las tareas de repetición inmediata de materiales verbales. Partiendo del mismo, se propone este estudio cuyo objetivo general es analizar la relación entre memoria secuencial auditiva y memoria verbal en alumnado con discapacidad intelectual y, así, proponer una escala que permita comparar, según la edad mental, las puntuaciones de cada sujeto en estas pruebas. Método. Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Muestra no probabilística incidental en la que participaron 250 alumnos con discapacidad intelectual (123 alumnas y 127 alumnos), evaluados mediante el subtest de memoria secuencial auditiva del Test Illinois de Aptitudes Psicolingüísticas (ITPA) y las dos listas de oraciones con alta carga de significado y gramatical del Test Sentence Repetition (SentRep). Resultados. Se observan relaciones significativas y positivas entre las listas de mediación semántica y morfosintáctica, y la memoria verbal, e igualmente entre cada una de ellas, la edad mental del sujeto y la memoria secuencial auditiva. Resultados que sustentan la construcción de dos baremos para establecer la edad mental equivalente a la repetición de los dos tipos de oraciones, en memoria verbal y en memoria secuencial auditiva. Discusión/Conclusiones.  Se ha demostrado la complementariedad de las pruebas aplicadas y que los baremos construidos permiten comparar las puntuaciones obtenidas por un sujeto en relación a su grupo. No obstante, una propuesta futura es extender la muestra y, de este modo, obtener baremos representativos de la población con discapacidad intelectual que apoyen la formulación de hipótesis diagnósticas sobre el nivel funcional alcanzado por este alumnado en el procesamiento fonológico, sintáctico y semántico.

Sentence Repetition: A Clinical Marker for Developmental Language Disorder in Danish

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450-4463
Author(s):  
Rikke Vang Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Clinical Marker ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Good Identification ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the potential of performance on a Danish sentence repetition (SR) task—including specific morphological and syntactic properties—to identify difficulties in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to typically developing (TD) children. Furthermore, the potential of the task as a clinical marker for Danish DLD was explored. Method SR performance of children with DLD aged 5;10–14;1 (years;months; n = 27) and TD children aged 5;3–13;4 ( n = 87) was investigated. Results Compared to TD same-age peers, children with DLD were less likely to repeat the sentences accurately but more likely to make ungrammatical errors with respect to verb inflection and use of determiners and personal pronouns. Younger children with DLD also produced more word order errors that their TD peers. Furthermore, older children with DLD performed less accurately than younger TD peers, indicating that the SR task taps into morphosyntactic areas of particular difficulty for Danish children with DLD. The classification accuracy associated with SR performance showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity (> 90%) and likelihood ratios indicating good identification potential for clinical and future research purposes. Conclusion SR performance has a strong potential for identifying children with DLD, also in Danish, and with a carefully designed SR task, performance has potential for revealing morphosyntactic difficulties. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10314437

Evaluación de la condición física en niños y jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Alexandra Camargo Rojas ◽  
Carol Daniela Alonso ◽  
Duvan Montenegro Bernal ◽  
Patricia Cortés Cortés ◽  
Steffanny Escobar Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
America Latina ◽  
Discapacidad Intelectual

El objetivo del estudio es identificar los procesos de evaluación de la condición física, empleando test de campo, aplicados en la población con discapacidad intelectual, a partir de la revisión documental de estudios que se han desarrollado entre el 2009 y el 2019. Esta es una investigación descriptiva enfocada en la revisión documental realizada en bases de datos Ebsco, Embase, Pubmed, Science Direct y Scopus con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: se consultaron documentos en inglés, español y portugués, con poblaciones objetivo pediátricas (< 18 años) y acceso completo gratuito. España y Estados Unidos son líderes en la producción de literatura relacionada con la aptitud física relacionada con la salud en estas poblaciones; en América Latina, Brasil lidera la investigación en esta área. Las cualidades físicas como la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular y la resistencia son el área de interés más importante. Eurofit y Brockport Battery son las más utilizadas para evaluar la condición física. El presente estudio permite reconocer los diferentes test y medidas existentes para evaluar la aptitud física en población con discapacidad intelectual, con fines de desarrollar prescripción y diseño de programas de ejercicio físico. Las pruebas Eurofit y Brockport fueron las más utilizadas en población con discapacidad. 

Desigualdades sociales en salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres con discapacidad intelectual

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sánchez Lafuente paula ◽  
Magán Domínguez laura ◽  
serrano gallardo pilar
Keyword(s):  
Discapacidad Intelectual

Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Based on Multiple Spoken Tasks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Tianqi Wang ◽  
Yin Hong ◽  
Quanyi Wang ◽  
Rongfeng Su ◽  
Manwa Lawrence Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Description Task

Background: Previous studies explored the use of noninvasive biomarkers of speech and language for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Yet, most of them employed single task which might not have adequately captured all aspects of their cognitive functions. Objective: The present study aimed to achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy in detecting individuals with MCI using multiple spoken tasks and uncover task-specific contributions with a tentative interpretation of features. Methods: Fifty patients clinically diagnosed with MCI and 60 healthy controls completed three spoken tasks (picture description, semantic fluency, and sentence repetition), from which multidimensional features were extracted to train machine learning classifiers. With a late-fusion configuration, predictions from multiple tasks were combined and correlated with the participants’ cognitive ability assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical analyses on pre-defined features were carried out to explore their association with the diagnosis. Results: The late-fusion configuration could effectively boost the final classification result (SVM: F1 = 0.95; RF: F1 = 0.96; LR: F1 = 0.93), outperforming each individual task classifier. Besides, the probability estimates of MCI were strongly correlated with the MoCA scores (SVM: –0.74; RF: –0.71; LR: –0.72). Conclusion: Each single task tapped more dominantly to distinct cognitive processes and have specific contributions to the prediction of MCI. Specifically, picture description task characterized communications at the discourse level, while semantic fluency task was more specific to the controlled lexical retrieval processes. With greater demands on working memory load, sentence repetition task uncovered memory deficits through modified speech patterns in the reproduced sentences.

Effects of Sentence Structure on Sentence Elicited Imitation Responses

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Carol Hudgins ◽  
Walter L. Cullinan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Repetition Task

This study investigates the effects of sentence structure on the number of error sentences and response latency in a sentence-repetition task. Forty female college students repeated short and long test sentences containing either a single self-embedded or right-branching subject-focus or object-focus relative clause. Sentences were also controlled for deletion of the relative pronoun of the relative clause. Sentence structure was found to affect sentence elicited imitation response accuracy and latency in a manner similar to the effects of structure on ease of comprehension. The findings are consistent with a canonical-sentoid strategy explanation of sentence processing during sentence imitation.

Open class and closed class: Sentence-imitation experiments on intrasentential code-switching

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Azuma ◽  
Richard P. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Sentence Imitation ◽  
Open Class ◽  
Japanese English

ABSTRACTOne of the most striking facts about exchange errors in speech is that open class items are exchanged, but closed class items are not. This article argues that a pattern analogous to that in speech errors also appears in intrasentential code-switching. Intrasentential code-switching is the alternating use of two languages in a sentence by bilinguals. Studies of the spontaneous conversation of bilinguals have supported the claim that open class items may be codeswitched, but closed class items may not. This claim was tested by two sentence repetition experiments, one with Japanese/English bilinguals and the other with Spanish/English bilinguals. The results show that the switching of closed class items caused significantly longer response times and more errors than the switching of open class items.

scholarly journals Children do not overcome lexical biases where adults do: the role of the referential scene in garden-path recovery

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN KIDD ◽  
ANDREW J. STEWART ◽  
LUDOVICA SERRATRICE
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Test Sentence ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Scene Information ◽  
Lexical Cues

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on a visual world eye-tracking experiment that investigated the differing abilities of adults and children to use referential scene information during reanalysis to overcome lexical biases during sentence processing. The results showed that adults incorporated aspects of the referential scene into their parse as soon as it became apparent that a test sentence was syntactically ambiguous, suggesting they considered the two alternative analyses in parallel. In contrast, the children appeared not to reanalyze their initial analysis, even over shorter distances than have been investigated in prior research. We argue that this reflects the children's over-reliance on bottom-up, lexical cues to interpretation. The implications for the development of parsing routines are discussed.

scholarly journals Russian–German five-year-olds: What omissions in sentence repetition tell us about linguistic knowledge, memory skills and their interrelation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Elizabeth STADTMILLER ◽  
Katrin LINDNER ◽  
Assunta SÜSS ◽  
Natalia GAGARINA
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Knowledge Memory

Abstract In error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition.

La discapacidad intelectual: criminalidad, evaluación y repercusión en el ámbito forense

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Gabriel Martí-Agustí ◽  
Leticia Muñoz García-Largo ◽  
Carles Martin-Fumadó ◽  
Gabriel Martí-Amengual ◽  
Esperanza L. Gómez-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Discapacidad Intelectual
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