Naphthenic Acid Corrosion in Petroleum Refineries. A Review

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayaraman ◽  
H. Singh ◽  
Y. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Predicting Sulfidic and Naphthenic Acid Corrosion

CORROSION ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 831-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hau
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Velocity Shear ◽  
Threshold Behavior ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Si Content

Abstract This paper reviews the factors that are hindering the development of models to predict corrosion due to sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids, or both, acting simultaneously on steels within the temperature range typically from 230°C to 400°C. These factors are identified as data scattering that do not distribute normally, variables or factors that do not exert their influence in a gradual manner but as a threshold behavior, and the interactions between the factors of sulfidic and naphthenic acid corrosion; exposure time, temperature, and velocity (shear stress); and the chromium and molybdenum content of the steels (Si content is not discussed). Not dealing with the interactions is probably the largest obstacle, followed by data scattering.

Analysis of Oxide Scales Formed in the Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of Carbon Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 6853-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jin ◽  
Gheorghe Bota ◽  
Winston Robbins ◽  
Srdjan Nesic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Oxide Scales

High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulphidic corrosion of Q235 and 5Cr1/2Mo steels in synthetic refining media

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1960-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Qu ◽  
Y.G. Zheng ◽  
H.M. Jing ◽  
Z.M. Yao ◽  
W. Ke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid

Research Progress of High Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Rules and Prevention Methods in Petrochemical Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunrong Lv ◽  
Xuedong Chen ◽  
Zhiping Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Corrosion State ◽  
Main Factor

Naphthenic acid corrosion is a kind of corrosion state that occurs frequently in the high temperature locations of the petroleum distillation and secondary processing units. It is the main factor influencing the long-cycle safe operation of petrochemical plants, and also one of the hottest issues to be solved urgently in the petroleum refining industry. This paper overviewed the research progress related to high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion including the mechanisms, influencing factors, test and controlling methods; analyzed the engineering problems in the processing of high acid crude oil, pointed out the shortcomings of current research methods, and proposed the future research suggestions on the corrosion rules and prevention methods.

High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion of SA210C and A335-P5

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sixian ◽  
Z. Yu ◽  
P. Ziwei ◽  
C. Yuwan ◽  
C. Xuedong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid

An Acoustic Microbalance Study of High-Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of Common Iron-Alloying Elements

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/1737 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Patrick ◽  
Rajashree Chakravarti ◽  
Thomas M. Devine
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Alloying Elements

Failure Analysis on Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle Exposed to Naphthenic Acid Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Farhana Mazlan ◽  
Azzura Ismail ◽  
Lokman Mohd Noh ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
X Ray

Naphthenic acid is a sort of organic acid which present in crude oil and cause severe corrosion in certain circumstances. This type of acid will lead to the corrosion phenomenon known as naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC). Damage mechanism by NAC attack can be analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). These characterization methods aim to observe the morphology, element content, and crystal structure of the NAC. The objective of this research is to apply failure analysis (FA) on heat exchanger (HE) tube bundle made form stainless steel 410 (SS410). SEM reveals the inter-granular attack initiate to crack propagation. A particular result of interest is that nickel catalytically decomposes naphthenic acids at high temperatures (e.g. 270°C) via a catalytic mechanism. For XRD testing, the corrosion product have been known and the main causes that lead to the corrosion has been detected which there is a formation of chromium carbide continuously along the pipe tube. However there is also formation of iron sulphide and chromium sulphide obtained in the XRD analysis where both are the reaction element that can retard the formation of NAC. Material selection is the most crucial task to resists from corrosion attack especially in high temperature applications. The mechanism of resistance of these elements provides insight into the failure mode of 304 and 400 series stainless steel in NA service.

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