Use of Infrared Imaging in Contemporary Source Studies

The paper gives a brief overview of infrared (IR) imaging techniques and the cases of their applying to the study of ancient manuscripts and objects of cultural heritage. The method of IR reflectography is used in fine art research, which allows the visualization of details hidden by the paint layers with the help of a scanner. There are also the cases, when IR reflectography is implemented into papyrology with the purpose to make ancient papyri, that turned dark-brown, more legible. Thermography is also used both in studies of cultural heritage and written documents, such as research of bookbinding and supports. Multispectral analysis is a well-proven method of text visualization and digital restoration of ancient manuscripts, which usually is applied in palimpsest decipher. Then the paper considers the method that includes part of IR spectrum is hyperspectral analysis. It is also used in papyrology. Finally, the author observed method of near-infrared imaging (NIRI) and its use for different purposes of the source studies. The paper concludes by arguing the relevance of near-infrared analysis of paper-based historical documents as a key-element of source study. NIRI allows researchers to obtain digital copies of watermarks and investigate corrections of the text made with different inks. The paper provides reader with the technical recommendations on basic NIRI equipment. To sum up, the author declares that there is a possibility for NIRI to become an everyday routine practice for researchers in near future due to its ability to provide a basic analysis of paper, watermarks and ink.

Download Full-text

HYDRA2: A Multispectral Data Analysis Toolkit for Sensors on Suomi-NPP and Other Current Satellite Platforms

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/bams-d-14-00285.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 1283-1294

Author(s):

Tom Rink ◽

W. Paul Menzel ◽

Liam Gumley ◽

Kathy Strabala

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Hyperspectral Data ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Multispectral Data ◽

Brightness Temperatures ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽

Multispectral Analysis

Abstract The Hyperspectral Data Viewer for Development of Research Applications, version 2 (HYDRA2), is a freeware-based multispectral analysis toolkit for satellite data that assists scientists in research and development, as well as education and training of remote sensing applications. HYDRA2 users can explore and visualize relationships between sensor measurements (brightness temperatures for infrared and reflectances for visible/near-infrared wavelengths) using spectral diagrams, cross sections, scatterplots, multiband combinations, and color enhancements on a pixel-by-pixel basis. HYDRA2 can be used with direct broadcast and archived data from sensors on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Suomi–National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP), NASA Aqua/Terra, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Meteorological Operational (MetOp), and Chinese Fengyun-3 platforms. This paper describes HYDRA2 and presents some examples using data retrievals from the Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments.

Download Full-text

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in a Patient with Occult Retinal Dysfunction

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/4349692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Juliana Wons ◽

Jana Dinges ◽

Matthias D. Becker ◽

Stephan Michels

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Visual Field ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Visual Field Defects ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Large Area ◽

Sd Oct

Multimodal imaging techniques were performed in a patient with a newly emerged visual field defect; a missing retinal lesion on fundus examination made the diagnosis challenging but infrared imaging showed a larger area of retinal abnormality temporal to the fovea. Indocyanine green angiography (IA) showed late hypofluorescence and there was mild hyperautofluorescence which is known from acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). Despite normal fluorescein angiography (FA) results, a perfusion loss in the outer retinal layer was detected by OCT-A. Similar OCT-A findings were recently described in patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Methods. The methods included FA and IA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), near infrared imaging, and autofluorescence imaging (AF), as well as OCT-A. Patient. A 36-year-old patient who suffered from acute symptoms of photopsia and scotoma on her left eye. She had an influenza-like illness two weeks earlier. The scotoma could be verified by visual field testing. Results. The affected retinal zone showed mild fading of external limiting membrane (ELM) and a disorganisation of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) on SD-OCT. OCT-A revealed a large area of reduced perfusion in the outer retinal vascular layer. Conclusion. OCT-A can help to detect reduced capillary network in patients with visual field defects and no visible fundus changes. This case seems to have features of different occult retinal disorders such as AZOOR and AMN.

Download Full-text

Spectroscopic detection of bladder cancer using near-infrared imaging techniques

Journal of Biomedical Optics ◽

10.1117/1.1753587 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 767 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Stavros G. Demos ◽

Regina Gandour-Edwards ◽

Rajen Ramsamooj ◽

Ralph deVere White

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Near Infrared Imaging

Download Full-text

Infrared spectroscopic imaging studies of medicinal plants

NIR news ◽

10.1177/0960336018765592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Sevgi Türker-Kaya ◽

Verena AC Huck-Pezzei ◽

Christian W Huck

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Significant Information ◽

Plant Constituents ◽

Plant Sciences ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

General Perspective

Molecular knowledge about plant constituents and their localization is of interest for basic and applied plant sciences. Mid- and near-infrared imaging techniques have advantages over conventional methods. These technologies offer significant information for the studies on plant classification, physiology, ecology, genetics pathology and other related disciplines. This article aims to present a general perspective about infrared imaging/micro-spectroscopy in plant research.

Download Full-text

Multi-spectral and Thermography Imaging Techniques for the Investigation of a 15th Century Wall Painting

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97372/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Ricci ◽

Stefano Laureti ◽

Hamed Malekmohammadi ◽

Stefano Sfarra ◽

Marcello Melis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Pulse Compression ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Good Practice ◽

Medical Diagnostics ◽

Wall Painting ◽

Imaging Method ◽

15Th Century

Abstract When planning the restoration of an artwork, the good practice involves the evaluation of the item healthiness before starting the common operation of cleaning, consolidation, etc., possibly through non-invasive techniques that supply meaningful information about the whole item. Motivated by this need, a plethora of imaging techniques are used in cultural heritage diagnostic typically borrowed from other applications – e.g. medical diagnostics, nondestructive testing, etc., and then tailored for inspecting cultural heritage objects. In the inspection of a painting, hyper- and multi- spectral techniques are commonly used to analyze the outer layers (varnish, pictorial and drawing) while X-ray, tomography, and many other can be employed to investigate its inner structure. Although highly desirable, a single technique providing all the info about a painting is still not available, thus it is of great interest defining protocols that could optimally exploit the complementarities of a limited number of techniques. To this aim, the present paper shows the combined use of the Hypecolorimetric Multispectral Imaging (HMI) and that of the Pulse-Compression Thermography (PuCT) on a 15th century wall painting attributed to the Italian artist Antonio del Massaro, also known as Pastura, and representing the Madonna with the Child and the Saints Jerome and Francis. In particular, HMI is a multispectral imaging method working from the ultraviolet to the near infrared region, exploiting advanced processing based on artificial intelligence to define hypercolorimetric coordinates. Such approach guarantees a thorough analysis of the outer layers, underlining previous restorations, varnish alterations and allowing the pigments to be classified from a comparison with a large database. The PuCT method adopted here has been tailored for the specific needs of artworks’ inspection and it allows for a safe imaging of the multilayer structure of paintings, and hence the stratigraphy analysis, through a suitable processing of the time-domain thermal response. The capabilities and the complementarities of the two techniques, whose info can also be fused through postprocessing techniques, are illustrated in detail in this paper. A false-color imaging approach is also proposed to improve the readability and analysis of the thermography results.

Download Full-text

Dyadic wavelet analysis and detection of sinusitis using near infrared sensor

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180722 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 542

Author(s):

S. Kamatchi ◽

M. Sundararajan

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Regression Result ◽

Infrared Sensor ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Dyadic Wavelet ◽

Study Results

Background: Sinusitis is a chronic infection or inflammation which affects the paranasal sinus cavities and the associated nasal cavities. As the symptoms of sinusitis greatly resemble upper respiratory infections, diagnosing sinusitis clinically is a major issue. Though imaging techniques serves as a standard in confirming the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, the availability at the primary care settings, affordability and diagnosing acute cases calls upon an alternative technique in practice. Recent researches confirming the diagnosis of sinusitis using Near-infrared imaging gives us hope in taking up the research using optical sensing. The objective of the study was to successfully diagnose sinusitis using NIR-LED optical sensor and to signal process the data obtained from the patients using Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DyWT) to confirm and to validate diagnosis using regression analysis. The study also correlates the plain radiographic findings with the NIR device sensing to make the device feasible.Methods: This was a one year pilot study (June 2014–May 2015) conducted with forty patients suspected of sinusitis and with clinical history along with ten healthy individuals as controls. Results: Patients age ranged from 18-65 years were included in the study. Results from NIR sensing device well correlate with the radiographic examination of the registered candidates. The regression result perfectly matches with the dyadic wavelet results of the patients, confirming the diagnosing of sinusitis using near- infrared sensor. Radiographic examination well correlates with the results from the NIR diagnostic device providing a valuable evidence of the hardware.Conclusions: NIR-LED sensor device can provide qualitative evidence in differentiating the mild and severe patients based on air-fluid level present in the sinus. The results strongly recommend that NIR sensing device can be a best alternative in case of frequently sinus affected patients and for the unaffordable patients without the risk of radiation.

Download Full-text