Examining the Forms and Variations of the Lampung Script in Ancient Manuscripts

The study of the Lampung script's forms and variations in ancient manuscripts is a branch of linguistics concerned with the script's evolution. We made observations on the Lampung script on two ancient manuscripts, the NLP97N69 and the Hahiwang. Both manuscripts are housed separately. The NLP97N69 manuscript was found in Indonesia, whereas the Hahiwang in Germany. A philological and paleographic approach was adopted to investigate the Lampung script's forms and variations in the ancient manuscripts. Both manuscripts were examined in conjunction with a presentation of the scriptwriter's Lampung script. After raising the Lampung script, it was compared to the current script and Van der Tuuk's script table. Discrepancies were found out between the characters in the two manuscripts, the contemporary script, and Van der Tuuk's table. Furthermore, the gha script was found out to be unique to the NLP97N69 manuscript. It was created in an attempt to meet the needs of Lampung language users who desired a unique script that incorporated the gha sound. This study demonstrates that the Lampung script has evolved and changed over time in response to its users' needs. Additionally, the article discusses the implications and future directions for research.

REFLEKSI NILAI ADAB DAN HUBUNGAN HORIZONTAL DALAM NASKAH BABAD AWAK SALIRA

ABSTRACT The value of moral affects the horizontal relationship that exists between humans. This is recorded in the ancient texts of the Islamic period as evidence of the influence of Islamic teachings that entered the archipelago. The disclosure of this moral value is an effort to "share" the heritage of the ancestors, as well as a reflection on the current conditions that are quite relevant. The Babad Awak Salira (BAS) manuscript, one of the written heritages in Tatar Sunda, contains very strong moral values. The problems revealed in this paper, namely; (1) the values ​​of moral contained in the text of the BAS manuscript; and (2) the effect of moral reflection in the horizontal relationship. This paper aims to reveal the values ​​of moral and their influence on horizontal relationships. This research is a literature research, descriptive analysis. Due to the fact that the object is an ancient text, a philological approach is used to study the BAS text. Seeing this, the relevance of the existence of values ​​in the ancient texts (which are time apart) is so eternal in didactic wraps. The existence of content values ​​can also be seen as a piece of advice and a "treasure" of inheritance in a written tradition in Tatar Sunda, in general in the archipelago. Disclosure of the value of the content of ancient manuscripts, can be seen as an effort to understand and "bridge" the times, considering that the medium of script is no longer conventional at this time. Keywords: Manuscript, Text BAS, Moral values, Moral reflection. Nilai adab berpengaruh terhadap hubungan horizontal yang terjalin antarmanusia. Hal ini tercatat dalam naskah kuna periode Islam sebagai bukti pengaruh ajaran Islam yang masuk ke Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai adab ini sebagai upaya “membagikan” warisan nenek moyang, juga sebagai refleksi atas kondisi zaman saat ini yang cukup relevan. Naskah Babad Awak Salira (BAS), salah satu warisan tulis yang ada di Tatar Sunda, mengandung nilai-nilai adab yang kuat. Masalah yang diungkap dalam tulisan ini, yaitu; (1) nilai adab yang ada di dalam teks naskah BAS; dan (2) pengaruh refleksi adab dalam hubungan horizontal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai adab dan pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan horizontal. Kajian berjenis studi pustaka, bersifat deskriptif analisis. Sehubungan bahwa objek adalah naskah kuna, digunakan pendekatan filologis untuk mengkaji naskah BAS. Melihat hal itu, relevansi keberadaan nilai dalam naskah kuna (yang berjarak zaman) begitu kekal dalam balutan didaktis. Keberadaan nilai kandungan juga dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah petuah dan “harta” warisan dalam sebuah tradisi tulis di Tatar Sunda, secara umum di Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai kandungan naskah kuna dapat dilihat sebagai upaya memahamkan dan “menjembatani” zaman, mengingat medium aksara sudah tidak konven­sional lagi saat ini. Kata kunci: Naskah kuna, Teks BAS, Nilai Adab, Refleksi Adab.

The Depiction of Heaven and Hell in the Karmawibangga Reliefs of Borobudur Temple: An Overview of Character Education

Karmawibhangga comes from the words karma and wibhangga. If karma can literally be interpreted as actions that come from causes and cause effects, then wibhangga is a designation for one of the holy books in Buddhism (Buddhist scripture). Literally karma can be interpreted as actions that come from causes and cause effects. In Buddhism, karma is the basic doctrine formulated and taught by Siddhartha Gautama. According to this doctrine, every living being has karma, both generated by himself and inherited from his ancestors. It is this karma that has caused samsara and is a barrier to attaining heaven or nirvana. Births in heaven and in hell seem to be at the core and there is a belief that some kind of hell is known in written sources both inscriptions and ancient manuscripts in Java. The state of life in heaven is marked by the kalpawrksa tree flanked by kinaras.

INITIATING RELIGIOUS MODERATION EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF MANUSCRIPT-BASED EDUCATION 4.0: HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS OF SERAT WEDHARAGA

Education must continue to adapt to changes to educate the younger generation for the dynamics of industrial revolution 4.0. Religious moderation is practiced in a variety of ways, most notably in education. Reintroducing the Indonesian nation's old writings is one technique to impart religious moderation instruction to the younger generation. With the richness of cultural works that Indonesia has such as ancient manuscripts, it should be able to lead people to live in harmony and peace. However, as a result of the growth of the industrial revolution 4.0, what is happening in our Indonesian life nowadays reveals that many deeds lead to violence and criminality in the name of religion. This study aims to investigate the concept of religious moderation education in the era of manuscript-based education 4.0, which is done using Serat Wedharaga's hermeneutic analysis approach. Researchers will use all available data and analysis to demonstrate how Serat Wedharaga, the work of Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsita, presents a concept linked to moderation education, which is critical in today's society in the education 4.0 era. This research is based on qualitative data. The data sources in this study consist of two kinds of data, namely primary data sources in the form of Serat Wedharaga manuscript, and secondary data in the form of books, photos, documents, journals, and previous research results that are relevant or related to primary data and research themes. After conducting an in-depth study, it is found that Serat Wedharaga incorporates educational principles such as andragogy education and the value of self-regulation, which includes honesty, tepasalira (tolerance), awas lan eling (cautiousness), and rejecting rumor. The educational values in Serat Wedharaga are relevant to the concept of religious moderation in the education 4.0 era.

Leksikon Klasik pada Permainan Anak di Masyarakat Budaya Minangkabau

The lexicon is an important part of the heritage of local wisdom which is also important in culture-based children's education. This article, it is explained the classic lexicon of children's games in Minangkabau culture and the cultural significance of the lexicon. This research was conducted through quantitative and qualitative methods. Sources of data in this study are edited ancient manuscripts, documentation of folklore, and traditional holders in Minangkabau culture. The data were analyzed through an anthropolinguistic approach. The classic lexicon of children's games in Minangkabau culture are boborea, sapu-sapu rangik, and tang-tang buku, ulo-ulo, dama, and badie balantak. The classical lexicon must be maintained because it has cultural significance for the Minangkabau people who have a sense of togetherness, shrewdness, and strong intelligence in thinking and must be familiar with children from an early age through education, one of which is through games. In addition to technological developments and lifestyle changes, the Covid-19 pandemic has also affected the way children play.

Proses digitalisasi naskah melalui media flipbook digital di Museum Bandar Cimanuk

ndramayu Regency has many ancient manuscripts that contain valuable information. Paper-based manuscripts are very easily damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve ancient manuscripts. Switching to a digital flipbook is considered appropriate because it provides an interface that is similar to the original script. This study aims to describe the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of ancient manuscripts owned by the Bandar Cimanuk Indramayu Museum. Digitization can be an effort to preserve ancient manuscripts. The research used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation study. It is hoped that the research results in the form of flipbook development can be used as an effort to preserve ancient manuscripts that represent, protect, and exceed the physicality of ancient manuscripts. The conclusion of this study is that the ancient Legok Kolot manuscript is the identity and wealth of the Indramayu people, so it needs to be digitized so that the preservation of the script is maintained. The media transfer process at the Bandar Cimanuk Museum goes through three main stages, namely the pre-digitization process, the digitization process, and the post-digitization process. In its process, there are three important things that must be considered, such as source characteristics, product usability, and technological characteristics. The use of digital flipbooks as an effort to preserve ancient manuscripts is considered to protect, represent, and exceed the original ancient manuscripts

Perpustakaan dalam pelestarian warisan budaya di Indonesia tinjauan literatur sistematis

Introduction. Libraries as information institution serves users by collecting, managing and disseminating information and knowledge. One of the important is by preserving cultural heritage. This study aims to describe role of libraries in preserving cultural heritage through publication of scientific articles on the topic of cultural heritage. Data Collection Methods. The paper used a systematic literature review with a qualitative approach. Data Analysis. Several stage involved in data analysis included planning, implementinging, and synthesising the search results Results and Discussion. Findings indicate there are seven selected journal articles discussing policies as obstacles in the preservation of cultural heritage and there are five articles containing the role of libraries focusing on physical form and public education. Conclusion. Based on the selected scientific journal articles describing the role of libraries in Indonesia in preserving cultural heritage, the topics focuses on education for community, procurement, maintenance of physical buildings, ancient manuscripts collections and cultural themes. Furthermore,constraints and challenges faced by libraries,including policies, create an impact on human resources, budget and infrastructure.

SOME PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF YASAWI HERITAGE

The heritage of Yasawi, the founder of Sufi literature in Turkic literature, is now being studied in detail by experts. Although the history of the Yasawi study is deep, some issues remain unresolved. There is no consensus in science about the year of Yassavi's birth, the subsequent fate of the Yassavi sect, the total amount of wisdom, and what other works he wrote other than Diwani Hikmet. The absence of a manuscript belonging to Yasawi also poses some difficulties in Yasawi studies. In ancient manuscripts, as well as in lithographic books published in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the wisdom of Yassavi and his disciples was published, leading scholars to differ. Therefore, one of the most pressing issues today is the collection of the most reliable versions of "Diwani Hikmet" known to science, and the compilation of the canonical text. It is also relevant in revealing the essence of some of the terms found in the Diwani Hikmet. This is because it is impossible to read and understand Sufi works without commentary, which are full of truths and mysteries. One of such terms is the concept of Sufism "Daftarus-sani".