scholarly journals Richard Whately y Jean-Baptiste Pérès, «Dudas históricas relativas a Napoleón Bonaparte – De cómo Napoleón nunca ha existido, o la gran errata». Ed. y trad. de Fernando Durán López

Author(s):  
Manuel Rivas González
Author(s):  
Timothy L Collins ◽  
Jeremy J Bruhl ◽  
Alexander N Schmidt-Lebuhn ◽  
Ian R H Telford ◽  
Rose L Andrew

Abstract Golden everlasting paper daisies (Xerochrysum, Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) were some of the earliest Australian native plants to be cultivated in Europe. Reputedly a favourite of Napoléon Bonaparte and Empress Joséphine, X. bracteatum is thought to have been introduced to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic during Napoléon’s exile there. Colourful cultivars were developed in the 1850s, and there is a widely held view that these were produced by crossing Xerochrysum with African or Asian Helichrysum spp. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses and subtribal classification of Gnaphalieae cast doubt on this idea. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we looked for evidence of gene flow between modern cultivars, naturalized paper daisies from St Helena and four Xerochrysum spp. recorded in Europe in the 1800s. There was strong support for gene flow between cultivars and X. macranthum. Paper daisies from St Helena were genotypically congruent with X. bracteatum and showed no indications of ancestry from other species or from the cultivars, consistent with the continuous occurrence of naturalized paper daisies introduced by Joséphine and Napoléon. We also present new evidence for the origin of colourful Xerochrysum cultivars and hybridization of congeners in Europe from Australian collections.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Grilli
Keyword(s):  

Das Buch befasst sich mit dem Export des französischen „Modells“ des Rechts und der Justiz, zuerst in den Jahren nach der Revolution und dann während der Napoleonischen Zeit, als breite Teile Europas direkt als neue Départements unter die Herrschaft Frankreichs fielen und ab 1804 das in Europa hegemoniale Empire unter Kaiser Napoleon Bonaparte bildeten (1794–1814). Frankreich verfolgte das Ziel einer vollkommenen Assimilation: Nichts sollte wie vor der Eroberung sein und die Einwohner der eroberten Gebiete „französische Bürger“ schlechthin werden. In der Welt des Rechts und der Justiz sollten die langen Traditionen, Stile und Denkweisen den neuen, anscheinend „modernen“ Gesetzbüchern und Verfahren weichen. Europa fand sich somit, erstmals in seiner Geschichte, mit dem Versuch einer vollkommenen Globalisierung konfrontiert. Der Kontinent, wo früher Partikularismus und Lokalmentalitäten geherrscht hatten, sollte jetzt, unter dem Zepter Napoleons, einig werden. Anhand einer breiten Zusammenstellung von Quellen weist der Autor nach, dass die von Paris energisch verfolgte Vernichtung jeglichen Partikularismus und jeglicher Tradition im Bereich des Rechts und der Justiz versagte: In den Gerichtssälen sowie in der Praxis konnte das „alte“ Recht überleben und Elemente der „einheimischen“ Justiz blieben erhalten. Allem Anschein zum Trotz blieb das Europa des Rechts und der Justiz nach wie vor partikulär und geteilt.


Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexandre Tchoudinov

The article is devoted to the problem of cross-cultural interaction between the French and the Arabs during the Egyptian expedition of Napoleon Bonaparte 1798—1801. Using a comparative analysis of a wide range of French sources and Arab chronicles, the author comes to the conclusion that Bonaparte's attempt at an inter-civilizational dialogue with the Muslim population of Egypt ended in complete failure. Based on the stereotypical ideas about the Orient, common in the French literature of the Enlightenment, Napoleon tried to play in Egypt the same role that, according to the French philosophers, the Prophet Muhammad allegedly played in his time, namely, to take advantage of the “credulity” and “superstition” of the local population to subordinate it to his power. However, the Egyptians were very skeptical concerning Bonaparte's claims about the French army's commitment to Islam and his attempts to present himself as the Mahdi, the prophet of the last times. The daily practices of the occupiers, which openly contradicted the culture of Islam, completely alienated the Muslims from the French, which resulted not only in their mutual misunderstanding, but also in real hatred for each other.


1869 ◽  
Vol s4-IV (99) ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
G. M.
Keyword(s):  

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Goldstrom

Throughout the nineteenth century, books, pamphlets and periodicals offered widely-ranging advice to the working class. One theme, appearing about 1820, was political economy: ‘Next to religion’, a royal commission reported, ‘the knowledge most important to a labouring man is that of the causes which regulate the amount of his wages, the hours of his work, the regularity of his employment, and the prices of what he consumes’. And Richard Whately, former Drummond Professor of political economy at Oxford, now archbishop of Dublin, urged similarly the need to teach political economy to the poor : ‘The lower orders’, he said, ‘would not … be, as now, liable to the misleading of every designing demagogue … If they were well grounded in the outlines of the science, it would go further towards rendering them provident, than any other scheme that could be devised.’


1953 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer ◽  
J. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  

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