scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE LEVELS AND DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM SAFE DISTANCES FROM MOBILE-PHONE BASE STATIONS IN URBAN AREAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Hamiti ◽  
Mimoza Ibrani ◽  
Luan Ahma ◽  
Vlerar Shala ◽  
Rreze Halili
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals Evaluación de niveles de exposición electromagnética causados por las estaciones base de Telefonía Móvil Celular [Assessment for electromagnetic exposure level caused by cellular mobile transmitting antennas in base station]

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walder de Jesús Canova García
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Mobile Base

Resumen El creciente número de estaciones base de telefonía móvil celular alrededor de sectores residenciales o tránsito de personas, causa preocupación en la comunidad sobre si la radiación de campos electromagnéticos puedan causar riesgos en la salud. Internacionalmente existen estándares que establecen límites a las diversas fuentes de campos electromagnéticos para garantizar que se minimizan los riesgos en la salud. Cada país adopta dentro de su legislación algún estándar o recomendación y exige su cumplimiento a los operadores de estaciones de telecomunicaciones, por ejemplo en Colombia rige el decreto 195 de 2005. El artículo presenta una evaluación, basados en mediciones técnicas en el 2010, para obtener los niveles de exposición a campos electromagnéticos generados por las antenas instaladas en las estaciones base de telefonía móvil. Luego aparece el procedimiento general de mediciones, donde incluye el plan ejecutorial de mediciones, la configuración de la instrumentación y la caracterización de los lugares y puntos de medición. Por último, los resultados medidos en algunos lugares, donde las antenas de transmisión cumplían con la normativa adoptada en Colombia. Palabras Clave: Exposición a campos Electromagnéticos, Estaciones base de Telefonía móvil celular, Mediciones de banda angosta.   Abstract The growth of installations of transmitting antennas on base stations surrounding residential spaces or person traffic causes concerns in the community, about whether the radiation of electromagnetic fields of transmitting antennas in mobile base station can generate health risk. Over the world, there are standards that establish maximum levels permitted to different electromagnetic field sources to accomplish security ranges for health risks. Each country adopts in their legislation some international standard and requires to telecommunication operators stations for its compliance. In Colombian, the decree 195 of 2005 is still valid. This article shows an assessment, based on technical measurements developed in 2010, to acquire the electromagnetic field exposure levels generated by transmitting antennas installed on Mobile Base Station. This assessment includes the measurement system procedure: plan of measurement, instrumental configuration, and characterization of measurement places. Finally, here presents the measured results in some places, which exposure levels satisfied the adopted legislation in Colombia. Keywords: Electromagnetic Field Exposure, Mobile Base Stations, Narrowband Measurement.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS ON TRENDING ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPOSURE LEVELS AT HOMES AND PROXIMITY NEXT TO BASE STATIONS ALONG THREE YEARS IN A CITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman ÇEREZCİ ◽  
Baha KANBEROĞLU ◽  
Şuayb Çağrı YENER
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Base Station Antennas ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The City

Electromagnetic field exposure levels of people living in the closest houses to the GSM transmitting antennas were investigated in a city between 2010 and 2012. At the end of 3-year period, trend of the electromagnetic exposure levels was determined especially for indoor/outdoor environments near the base station antennas. Because of increasing number of base stations by years and changing of the technology, it is determined that average electromagnetic exposure values in the city increased in a certain extent each year. Total and frequency selective measurements were performed in indoor/outdoor places. The results were compared by International ICNIRP limits. In addition, possibility of the compliance with some European countries which have applied low limit values are discussed to minimize involuntary exposure to electromagnetic fields at indoor/outdoor environments. Consequently, a suggestion is made and discussed for obtaining relatively homogeneous distribution of electromagnetic field exposure at indoor/outdoor environments near base station antennas to eliminate extent values.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8068
Author(s):  
Teruo Onishi ◽  
Miwa Ikuyo ◽  
Kazuhiro Tobita ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Masao Taki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Exposure Monitoring ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Exposure Levels

Recent progress in wireless technologies has made human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) increasingly complex. The situation can increase public concerns related to possible health effects due to EMF exposure. Monitoring EMF exposure levels and characterizing them are indispensable for risk communications of human exposure to EMFs. From this background, a project on the acquisition, accumulation, and applications of EMF exposure monitoring data in Japan was started in 2019. One of the objectives of this project is to obtain a comprehensive picture of EMF exposure in actual daily lives. In 2019 and 2020, we measured the electric field (E-field) strength from mainly mobile phone base stations in the same areas as those in measurements conducted in 2006 and 2007 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan, and compared the data to investigate the time-course of the EMF environment. The number of measured points was 100 (10 × 10 grids) in an area of 1 km × 1 km in two urban and two suburban areas, and that in an underground shopping mall was 158. This large-scale study is the first in Japan. As a result, we found that the measured E-field strengths tended to be higher in 2019 and 2020 than those in 2006 and 2007, especially in the mall. However, the median ratios to the Japanese radio wave protection guideline values for urban areas and malls are lower than −40 dB.

scholarly journals Modelling and assessment of the electric field strength caused by mobile phone to the human head

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Buckus ◽  
Birute Strukcinskiene ◽  
Juozas Raistenskis ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Head Surface

Background/Aim. Electromagnetic field exposure is the one of the most important physical agents that actively affects live organisms and environment. Active use of mobile phones influences the increase of electromagnetic field radiation. The aim of the study was to measure and assess the electric field strength caused by mobile phones to the human head. Methods. In this paper the software ?COMSOL Multiphysics? was used to establish the electric field strength created by mobile phones around the head. Results. The second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile (GSM) phones that operate in the frequency band of 900 MHz and reach the power of 2 W have a stronger electric field than (2G) GSM mobile phones that operate in the higher frequency band of 1,800 MHz and reach the power up to 1 W during conversation. The third generation of (3G) UMTS smart phones that effectively use high (2,100 MHz) radio frequency band emit the smallest electric field strength values during conversation. The highest electric field strength created by mobile phones is around the ear, i.e. the mobile phone location. The strength of mobile phone electric field on the phantom head decreases exponentially while moving sidewards from the center of the effect zone (the ear), and constitutes 1-12% of the artificial head?s surface. Conclusion. The highest electric field strength values of mobile phones are associated with their higher power, bigger specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and lower frequency of mobile phone. The stronger electric field emitted by the more powerful mobile phones takes a higher percentage of the head surface. The highest electric field strength created by mobile phones is distributed over the user ear.

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