scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Ч.С. Павлов ◽  
Е.А. Кузнецова ◽  
Ю.О. Шульпекова ◽  
М.Ч. Семенистая
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

В статье освещается одна из наиболее часто встречаемых патологий печени - неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП), обсуждаются современные концепции этиологии, патогенеза, принципы диагностики и новейшие походы к консервативному и хирургическому лечению данного заболевания. Описывается патофизиология инсулинорезистентности, метаболического синдрома и ряда других клинически-ассоциированных с НАЖБП состояний. Подробно рассматриваются патогенетические аспекты развития фиброза при НАЖБП и описываются современные возможности и ограничения методов визуализации в диагностике степени стеатоза и стадии фиброза печени, ультразвукового исследования и сывороточных маркеров. Обоснованы подходы к обследованию и ведению пациентов с НАЖБП на разных этапах развития заболевания. The article discusses one of the most frequent hepatic pathologies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and current concepts of its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic principles, and the latest approaches to conservative and surgical treatment. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions clinically associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are described. The authors deepened the insight into mechanisms of fibrosis development, up-to-date possibilities and limitations of imaging methods in diagnosis of the degree of steatosis and the stage of liver fibrosis, ultrasound, and serum markers. Clinical substantiation of the need to create an algorithm for examining and managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at different stages of this condition and early verification of steatosis has an undoubted merit.

scholarly journals Role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (48) ◽  
pp. 2173-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Hagymási ◽  
Péter Reismann ◽  
Károly Rácz ◽  
Zsolt Tulassay
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The most frequent liver disorder in metabolic syndrome is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Its pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process, characterized by insulin resistance and involvement of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism may lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via hyperlipidemia and obesity. Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency have a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype with obesity and many characteristic metabolic alterations. The chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in metabolic syndrome as well. Cushing’s syndrome has also features of metabolic syndrome. Mild elevation of transaminase activities is commonly seen in patients with adrenal failure. Non-alcoholic steatosis is twice as common in postmenopusal as in premenopausal women and hormonal replacement therapy decreases the risk of steatosis. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleeping apnoe syndrome, cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are more frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypoandrogenism in males and hyperandrogenism in females may lead to fatty liver via obesity and insulin resistance. Adipokines (leptin, acylation stimulating protein, adiponectin) have a potential role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The alterations of endocrine system must be considered in the background of cryptogenic liver diseases. The endocrine perspective may help the therapeutic approaches in the future.

scholarly journals Homeostasis of Glucose and Lipid in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Wen Chao ◽  
Shi-Wei Chao ◽  
Heng Lin ◽  
Hui-Chen Ku ◽  
Ching-Feng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Industrialized society-caused dysregular human behaviors and activities such as overworking, excessive dietary intake, and sleep deprivation lead to perturbations in the metabolism and the development of metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affects around 30% and 25% of people in Western and Asian countries, respectively, which leads to numerous medical costs annually. Insulin resistance is the major hallmark of NAFLD and is crucial in the pathogenesis and for the progression from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Excessive dietary intake of saturated fats and carbohydrate-enriched foods contributes to both insulin resistance and NAFLD. Once NAFLD is established, insulin resistance can promote the progression to the more severe state of liver endangerment like NASH. Here, we review current and potential studies for understanding the complexity between insulin-regulated glycolytic and lipogenic homeostasis and the underlying causes of NAFLD. We discuss how disruption of the insulin signal is associated with various metabolic disorders of glucoses and lipids that constitute both the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.

Insulin Resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Premenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Amr Ali El-Sehrawy ◽  
Omnia State ◽  
Rasha Rizk Elzehery ◽  
Ahmed Salem Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractIt is suggested that estrogen protects premenopausal women against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. From another perspective, the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is bidirectional. Role of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD continues to be a matter of debate. The present study aimed to assess the relation between IR and NAFLD in premenopausal women with MetS. The study included 51 premenopausal women with MetS. In addition, there were 40 age-matched healthy controls. All participants were subjected to careful history taking and thorough clinical examination. Performed laboratory investigations included fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, and liver functions. Calculation of IR was achieved by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). NAFLD was graded into three grades according to findings of abdominal ultrasound. Patients had significantly higher BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels when compared with controls. They also had significantly lower HDL levels in comparison to controls. Moreover, they have more advanced grades of NAFLD in contrast to controls. Comparison between patients with various grades of NAFLD regarding the clinical data revealed significant increase of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels with advancing NAFLD grade. Using multivariate regression analysis, HOMA-IR was an independent predictor of advanced NAFLD grade. In conclusion, the present study documented a combined inter-relation between MetS, IR, and NAFLD in premenopausal women with MetS. IR is correlated with NAFLD grade.

scholarly journals Clinical and Biochemical Predictors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Atwa ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Husseiny Abd-Allah ◽  
Jacklien Labib
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background Obesity and associated co-morbidities are growing worldwide, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which become one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases in both children and adults. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical predictors associated with NAFLD among obese children. Materials and Methods Ninety obese children and adolescents, aged 12–18 years, were enrolled in this study. All were subjected to anthropometric measurement; biochemical analysis included fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and liver function tests. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. Results The frequency of NAFLD was 38.9% among obese children 68.6% of them met the criteria of metabolic syndrome. Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, ALT, total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG, fasting insulin, and lower HDL-c compared to patients with normal liver ultrasound (p < 0.05). Insulin resistance was significantly more common among NAFLD group (88.6% vs. 18.2%) (p < 001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI and HOMA-IR are the independent predictors for NAFLD with (P 0.034 and 0.022) respectively Conclusion More than one third of obese children have NAFLD, which is closely linked to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.

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