EARLY DECLINES IN VACCINE-TYPE PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD AFTER INTRODUCTION OF 10-VALENT PENUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE IN MOZAMBIQUE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betuel Sigauque
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Children Under 5

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage following Reduced Doses of a 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and a 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Booster

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Russell ◽  
J. R. Carapetis ◽  
C. Satzke ◽  
L. Tikoduadua ◽  
L. Waqatakirewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Vaccine Booster ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a reduced-dose 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) primary series followed by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPS) booster on nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage. For this purpose, Fijian infants aged 6 weeks were randomized to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 PCV doses. Within each group, half received 23vPPS at 12 months. NP swabs were taken at 6, 9, 12, and 17 months and were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates were serotyped by multiplex PCR and a reverse line blot assay. There were no significant differences in PCV vaccine type (VT) carriage between the 3- and 2-dose groups at 12 months. NP VT carriage was significantly higher (P, <0.01) in the unvaccinated group than in the 3-dose group at the age of 9 months. There appeared to be a PCV dose effect in the cumulative proportion of infants carrying the VT, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. Non-PCV serotype (NVT) carriage rates were similar for all PCV groups. When groups were pooled by receipt or nonreceipt of 23vPPS at 12 months, there were no differences in pneumococcal, VT, or NVT carriage rates between the 2 groups at the age of 17 months. In conclusion, there appeared to be a PCV dose effect on VT carriage, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. By the age of 17 months, NVT carriage rates were similar for all groups. 23vPPS had no impact on carriage, despite the substantial boosts in antibody levels.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Carriage in the Conjugate Vaccine Era with a Focus on Pneumococci

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. Devine ◽  
J. M. Jefferies ◽  
S. C. Clarke ◽  
S. N. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Bacterial Dynamics ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
National Immunisation Program ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Uk

Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was included in the UK national immunisation program in 2006, and this was replaced by thirteen-valent PCV in 2010. During this time, the carriage of vaccine-typeStreptococcus pneumoniaedecreased but pneumococcal carriage remained stable due to increases in non-vaccine-typeS. pneumoniae. Carriage studies have been undertaken in various countries to monitor vaccine-type replacement and to help predict the serotypes, which may cause invasive disease. There has been less focus on how conjugate vaccines indirectly affect colonization of other nasopharyngeal bacteria. If the nasopharynx is treated as a niche, then bacterial dynamics are accepted to occur. Alterations in these dynamics have been shown due to seasonal changes, antibiotic use, and sibling/day care interaction. It has been shown that, following PCV7 introduction, an eradication of pneumococcal vaccine types has resulted in increases in the abundance of other respiratory pathogens includingHaemophilus influenzaeandStaphylococcus aureus. These changes are difficult to attribute to PCV7 introduction alone and these studies do not account for further changes due to PCV13 implementation. This review aims to describe nasopharyngeal cocarriage of respiratory pathogens in the PCV era.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal pneumonia and carriage in Africa before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 2000–2019: protocol for systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton L. Kalata ◽  
Tinashe K. Nyazika ◽  
Todd D. Swarthout ◽  
Dean Everett ◽  
Neil French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAfrica harbours a high burden of pneumococcal disease, with associated high mortality rates. Despite 34 countries introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which reduces the risk of pneumococcal carriage (a prerequisite for disease) of some of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes, it remains uncertain whether they will achieve the sustained direct or indirect protection necessary to reduce pneumococcal carriage to levels sufficient to interrupt transmission and disease. We will therefore summarise the available data on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing vaccine serotype carriage and pneumococcal pneumonia in Africa between 2000 and 2019.Methods and analysisUsing a predetermined search strategy, we will conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Excerpta Medica Database, the ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), Scopus and the African Index Medicus to identify published studies reporting the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (vaccine type and non-vaccine type), incidence rates of pneumococcal pneumonia and mortality among children, adults and HIV-infected (all-ages) pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and post-PCV introduction (published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019) in African countries that have introduced PCVs (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) in their routine national immunisation programme. The studies retained and data extracted will be assessed for bias using prevalidated tools and checklists. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2 test on Cochrane Q statistic. A random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage and incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia across studies with similar characteristics. Results will be reported in compliance with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol has been prepared in accordance to the 2015 guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethical approval as we will be using already published data. The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130976.

scholarly journals Effect of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage Among Children Less Than 5 Years Old: 3 Years Post-10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J Valenciano ◽  
Benild Moiane ◽  
Fernanda C Lessa ◽  
Alberto Chaúque ◽  
Sergio Massora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Abstract Background Mozambique introduced 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in 2013 with doses at ages 2, 3, and 4 months and no catch-up or booster dose. We evaluated PCV10 impact on the carriage of vaccine-type (VT), non-VT, and antimicrobial non-susceptible pneumococci 3 years after introduction. Methods We conducted cross-sectional carriage surveys among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children aged 6 weeks to 59 months: 1 pre-PCV10 (2012–2013 [Baseline]) and 2 post-PCV10 introductions (2014–2015 [Post1] and 2015–2016 [Post2]). Pneumococci isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs underwent Quellung serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Non-susceptible isolates (intermediate or resistant) were defined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 breakpoints. We used log-binomial regression to estimate changes in the pneumococcal carriage between survey periods. We compared proportions of non-susceptible pneumococci between Baseline and Post2. Results We enrolled 720 children at Baseline, 911 at Post1, and 1208 at Post2. Baseline VT carriage was similar for HIV-uninfected (36.0%, 110/306) and HIV-infected children (34.8%, 144/414). VT carriage was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19%–49%) and 27% (95% CI: 11%–41%) lower in Post1 vs baseline among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children, respectively. VT carriage prevalence declined in Post2 vs Post1 for HIV-uninfected but remained stable for HIV-infected children. VT carriage prevalence 3 years after PCV10 introduction was 14.5% in HIV-uninfected and 21.0% in HIV-infected children. Pneumococcal isolates non-susceptible to penicillin declined from 66.0% to 56.2% (P= .0281) among HIV-infected children. Conclusions VT and antimicrobial non-susceptible pneumococci carriage dropped after PCV10 introduction, especially in HIV-uninfected children. However, VT carriage remained common, indicating ongoing VT pneumococci transmission.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage in children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia before and one year after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (30) ◽  
pp. 4068-4075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire von Mollendorf ◽  
Eileen M. Dunne ◽  
Sophie La Vincente ◽  
Mukhchuluun Ulziibayar ◽  
Bujinlkham Suuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Limited Added Value of Oropharyngeal Swabs for Detecting Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Farrar ◽  
Herine Odiembo ◽  
Arthur Odoyo ◽  
Godfrey Bigogo ◽  
Lindsay Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Rural Kenya

Abstract We compared pneumococcal isolation rates and evaluated the benefit of using oropharyngeal (OP) specimens in addition to nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens collected from adults in rural Kenya. Of 846 adults, 52.1% were colonized; pneumococci were detected from both NP and OP specimens in 23.5%, NP only in 22.9%, and OP only in 5.7%. Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine strains were detected from both NP and OP in 3.4%, NP only in 4.1%, and OP only in 0.7%. Inclusion of OP swabs increased carriage detection by 5.7%; however, the added cost of collecting and processing OP specimens may justify exclusion from future carriage studies among adults.

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