Prognostic significance of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition analysis, and systemic inflammatory response in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer

Background and aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Nutritional status (cachexia) and systemic inflammation play a significant role in predicting cancer outcome. The aim of the present review was to examine the relationship between imaging-based body composition and systemic inflammation in patients with cancer. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched up to 31 March 2019 for published articles using MESH terms cancer, body composition, systemic inflammation, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound sonography (USS) and computed tomography (CT). Studies performed in adult patients with cancer describing the relationship between imaging-based body composition and measures of the systemic inflammatory response were included in this review. Results: The literature search retrieved 807 studies and 23 met the final eligibility criteria and consisted of prospective and retrospective cohort studies comprising 11,474 patients. CT was the most common imaging modality used (20 studies) and primary operable (16 studies) and colorectal cancer (10 studies) were the most commonly studied cancers. Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and systemic inflammation were consistently associated; both had a prognostic value and this relationship between low SMI and systemic inflammation was confirmed in four longitudinal studies. There was also evidence that skeletal muscle density (SMD) and systemic inflammation were associated (9 studies). Discussion: The majority of studies examining the relationship between CT based body composition and systemic inflammation were in primary operable diseases and in patients with colorectal cancer. These studies showed that there was a consistent association between low skeletal muscle mass and the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. These findings have important implications for the definition of cancer cachexia and its treatment.

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Influence of adipokines profile and inflammatory response on body composition analysis in 50 patients with different schemes of hemodialysis (MHD)

Journal of Renal Nutrition ◽

10.1053/j.jrn.2008.03.107 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. S27

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Body Composition Analysis

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Mo1089 Prognostic Significance of Radiological Staging and Open and Close Laparotomy in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(14)62004-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 146 (5) ◽

pp. S-554

Author(s):

Charlotte E. Thomas ◽

Alex Karran ◽

Llion Davies ◽

Kieran Foley ◽

Jolene Witherspoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Radiological Staging ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

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Prognostic Significance of Diagnostic Delay and Deprivation in the Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer

Gastrointestinal Cancer Research & Therapy ◽

10.26420/austinjgastroenterol.2017.1021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Blake PA

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Diagnostic Delay ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

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Prognostic significance of LINE-1 methylation level in the upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10523 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10523-10523

Author(s):

Yoshifumi Baba ◽

Masayuki Watanabe ◽

Shiro Iwagami ◽

Hironobu Shigaki ◽

Takatsugu Ishimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Dna Hypomethylation ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

10523 Background: Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation plays a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. DNA methylation in long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is a good indicator of global DNA methylation level. Although LINE-1 methylation level is attracting interest as a useful marker for predicting cancer prognosis, the prognostic significance of LINE-1 hypomethylaiton in the upper gastrointestinal cancer [i.e., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer (GC)] remains unclear. Methods: Using 217 ESCC and 207 GC specimens, we quantified the LINE-1 methylation using bisulfite-pyrosequencing technology. During the follow-up, there were a total of 63 ESCC recurrences, 51 ESCC deaths and 56 GC deaths. The median follow-up time for censored patients was 2.8 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR), adjusted for the clinical, epidemiological, and pathological variables. The term “prognostic marker” is used throughout this study according to the REMARK Guidelines. Results: ESCCs and GCs showed significantly lower LINE-1 methylation levels compared to matched normal mucosa (p<0.0001). In ESCC, LINE-1 hypomethylation was significantly associated with disease-free survival [log-rank p=0.0008; univariate HR= 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-3.84, p=0.0017; multivariate HR=1.81, 95% CI 1.06-3.05, p=0.031] and cancer-specific survival (log-rank p=0.0020; univariate HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.33-3.60, p=0.0026; multivariate HR=1.87, 95% CI 1.12-3.08, p=0.018]. We found a significant modifying effect of the tumor stage on the relationship between LINE-1 methylation and the recurrence rate (P for interaction = 0.031). In GC, LINE-1 hypomethylation was significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (log-rank p=0.029; univariate HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.09-3.99). Conclusions: LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with shorter survival in both ESCC and GC, suggesting that it has potential for use as a prognostic biomarker.

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