economic deprivation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Georgia Casanova ◽  
Roberto Lillini

The sustainability of European Long-Term Care systems faces the demographic and socio-economic circumstances, mainly the increasing ageing of the population, with its chronic disease conditions, and the simultaneous economic general crises, exacerbated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond the increase in general rate of relative poverty, there is a higher risk of poverty among elderly and families in a high demand of care, especially if situations of Activities Daily Living (ADL) disability are present. Italian welfare, which is based on family care regimes and regional strategies, and is oriented to private or public care, is a relevant case study with which to analyze such a relationship. This paper aims to study the relationship between ADL disability and the socio-economic deprivation of families, that is, household poverty. Variables came from the ISTAT Health for All Italian Database and the INAIL Disability Allowance Database. A pool of statistical methods, based on bivariate and multivariate analyses, from bivariate correlation, through multiple linear regression to principal component factor analysis, were used to reduce the number of the variables and compute the indicators. The multivariate analysis underlines how ADL disability impacts on a household’s poverty, confirming the existence of statistical correlation between them. Moreover, the study identifies and measures two answer capability models to cope with household poverty. The answer capability of the formal system is the main tool for reducing poverty due to one family member’s ADL disability. Integration and collaboration between the formal system and family capabilities remains the main solution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica De Miguel-Luken ◽  
Livia García‐Faroldi

Social capital, derived from the individual embeddedness in a net of personal relationships that gives access to a pool of potential resources, is crucial in understanding how some people experience a higher risk of falling into social exclusion. In this article, we related some compositional and structural factors of egocentered networks to various measures on economic deprivation and social exclusion. We considered different explanatory dimensions: ego’s sociodemographic characteristics and ego’s social capital. Social capital was measured both in terms of expressive and instrumental support, and took into account network size, strong ties density, and alters’ average job prestige, differentiating between inherited and achieved capital, a distinction that has deserved little attention so far. We used data from the Spanish General Social Survey 2013 (N = 5,094), a nationally representative database not applied for similar purposes up to the present. Results show how economic deprivation and social exclusion are associated with ascribed and achieved characteristics, both at the micro level (individual) and the meso level (network). At the micro level, women, immigrants, young people, less‐educated people, the unemployed, and those who do not trust others have higher estimated values on the variables with regards to social disadvantage. At the meso level, social exclusion is associated with lower occupational prestige of achieved relationships, fewer contacts for obtaining economic or medical help (but more contacts for childcare) and smaller non‐kin core discussion networks. In a familistic society with a limited welfare system, results help to disentangle the level of dependence people have on their own social resources.


Significance This follows a new wave of Huthi attacks on Saudi territory on November 20, and also coincides with an upsurge in fighting on the Marib, Ta'izz and Hodeida fronts. The escalation presents a challenge for new UN Special Envoy Hans Grundberg, who has launched a fresh push for peace. Impacts A continued stalemate will perpetuate economic deprivation and exposure to violence for most of the population. Military factions’ efforts to control humanitarian aid will further alienate funders and worsen suffering. Consultation with forces such as tribes and professional associations may help to make talks address deeper challenges facing civilians. Inclusion of ‘civil society’, defined as a discrete entity, risks creating distorted incentives and fake organisations. Saudi Arabia will increase pressure on southern separatist leader Aidrous al-Zubaidi to cooperate with the Aden-based government.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259714
Author(s):  
George Moussa ◽  
Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Soon Wai Ch’ng ◽  
Kim Son Lett ◽  
Arijit Mitra ◽  
...  

Purpose Socio-economic deprivation and ethnic variation have been frequently linked to poorer health outcomes. We collected a large series of primary macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) cases and analysed the effect of socio-economic deprivation and ethnicity on both six-month retinal re-detachment rate and visual outcomes. Materials and methods Retrospective consecutive case series of 568 patients attending Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre from January 2017–2020. Multiple Indices of Deprivation (IMD) deciles were used for deprivation status and split to two groups: IMD-A (Decile 1–5) and IMD-B (Decile 6–10). The two largest subgroups of ethnicities were compared, White and South Asians (SA). Results We report an overall retinal re-detachment rate of 8.5%. IMD-A re-detached significantly more than IMD-B (11.2% vs 6.0% respectively, p = 0.034). No statistical significance was found between White and SA re-detachment rate (9.1% and 5.6% respectively, p = 0.604). SA median age significantly lower at 49 years (IQR: 37–61) compared to White patients at 57 years (IQR: 50–65) (p = <0.001). IMD-A median age of 55 years (IQR: 46–64) was significantly lower to IMD-B median age of 58 years (IQR: 51–65) (p = 0.011). No differences in final visual outcomes were detected across all groups. Conclusion We demonstrated an increased retinal re-detachment rate in our more deprived patients according to IMD and a younger cohort of SA compared to White ethnicity. Further prospective studies are required to demonstrate the link between socio-economic deprivation and surgical success.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S396
Author(s):  
W. Hasan ◽  
W. Abou Chedid ◽  
G. Nason ◽  
T. Mahesan ◽  
A. Ashton ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Prof. S. Ranga

Omprakash Valmiki, like other writers of autobiographies, articulates the Dalit confrontation in his renowned story, Joothan. He describes every aspect of his disturbing social experiences, unfolding his complete life. Thus, Omprakash Valmiki's Joothan is about the voyage of Dalit discrimination and social boycott. The Valmiki kin is under pressure for schooling and position in the social order. In the meantime, it is also the fairy-tale of a Dalit family unit in search of self-esteem and identity in the Indian Hindu society. Omprakash Valmiki portrayed his life as an untouchable and Dalit in the newly self-governing India. The tale of Joothan refers to scraps of food left on a plate; this is meant for waste and animals. India's untouchables have been obligatory to acknowledge and eat leftovers for centuries, and these terms encompasses the pain, humiliation and poverty of the group of people enforced to survive at the underneath of India's societal pyramid. Although untouchability was abolished in 1949, But Dalits is being unrelenting to face prejudice, economic deficiency, aggression and mockery. Even after attaining Independence, the Dalits had to struggle a long time to get education; Joothan takes it seriously. Valmiki shares his daring resist to escape a prearranged life of steady physical and mental agony and his transformation into a speaking subject under the influence of the great Dalit political manager, BR Ambedkar. An article of the long silenced and long denied sufferings of Dalits, Joothan is a key role to the archives of Dalit history and a proposal for a radical transform of humanity and human consciousness. Dalits are being unrelenting to face unfairness, economic deprivation, hostility and ridicule. This paper is trying to portray the Quest for Revolt in Omprakash Valmiki’s Joothan.


Lateral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Karioris

Amidst the despair, desperation, death, and economic deprivation of the pandemic, poetry—and creative outlets more broadly—have arisen to assist us in both making sense of the world at large, as well as addressing our own struggles during and from these challenges. This essay seeks to put these works into conversation as part of a process—along with quarantine—of seeding, an opportunity to grow new roots and networks. Drawing from a field of established literary journals and ones established during and explicitly to address the pandemic, the essay aims to begin a process of distilling the ways that even amongst fear and loss we must (and will) find ways to find joy. This requires us to seek out new forms of elegy that elaborate and understand the importance of relations and joys between peoples, and the new relational possibilities that our life holds for us as we move towards a post-pandemic world.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Martarelli ◽  
Georgia Casanova ◽  
Giovanni Lamura

Abstract BackgroundPopulation ageing, constantly on the increase in all countries worldwide, has long been the object of scientific research from several perspectives, including multi and interdisciplinary approaches. This scoping review aims to investigate the socio-economic consequences of older people’s poor health on their own economic conditions and those of their families. This study aims to: a) map the main concepts that characterise the body of literature pertaining to this issue; b) identify conceptual gaps or unexplored research areas to be addressed; c) delve into the ways of arguing about the difficulties that affect a large number of families with older members to care for, especially with regard to the concept of socio-economic deprivation, which in our perspective includes both material and social deprivation (e.g. in the form of loneliness experienced as a consequence of health disorders). This protocol fulfils the purpose of clarifying the stages and methods of the study and listing the techniques used.MethodsThis article is being drafted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). The rationale behind the study and its stages are aligned with the guidelines of Lockwood et al. (2019) and the recommendations of Munn et al. (2018): Each stage links up with the next, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (the 2020 PRISMA Statement), while the reporting phase refers to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. The search process is being performed by means of databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The latest version of MAXQDA will be used for analyzing all data.Discussion We aim to highlight and connect the most useful insights addressed to stakeholders and policymakers and, most of all, the ones valuable to social innovation. Nevertheless, it is necessary for us to remark that, despite the prevalence of the English language, most research articles are written and published in other languages. Therefore, they are excluded from the search process.Systematic review registration Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/xq58z Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/XQ58Z


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