Reclassification of Sphaerotilus natans subsp. sulfidivorans D-507 as S. sulfidivorans D-507T sp. nov.

ABSTRACT Bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous entities present in every conceivable habitat as a result of their bacterial parasitism. Their prevalence and impact in the ecology of bacterial communities and their ability to control pathogens make their characterization essential, particularly of new phages, improving knowledge and potential application. The isolation and characterization of a new lytic phage against Sphaerotilus natans strain DSM 6575, named vB_SnaP-R1 (SnaR1), is here described. Besides being the first sequenced genome of a Sphaerotilus natans infecting phage, 99% of its 41507 bp genome lacks homology with any other sequenced phage, revealing its uniqueness and previous lack of knowledge. Moreover, SnaR1 is the first Podoviridae phage described infecting this bacterium. Sphaerotilus natans is an important filamentous bacterium due to its deleterious effect on wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and thus, phages may play a role as novel biotechnological tools against filamentous overgrowth in WWTP. The lytic spectrum of SnaR1 was restricted to its host strain, infecting only one out of three S. natans strains and infection assays revealed its ability to reduce bacterial loads. Results suggest SnaR1 as the prototype of a new phage genus and demonstrates its potential as a non-chemical alternative to reduce S. natans DSM 6575 cells.

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Taxonomic investigation of representatives of the genus Sphaerotilus: descriptions of Sphaerotilus montanus sp. nov., Sphaerotilus hippei sp. nov., Sphaerotilus natans subsp. natans subsp. nov. and Sphaerotilus natans subsp. sulfidivorans subsp. nov., and an emended description of the genus Sphaerotilus

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.023887-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 916-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elena Gridneva ◽

Elena Chernousova ◽

Galina Dubinina ◽

Vladimir Akimov ◽

Jan Kuever ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Type Strain ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽

Sphaerotilus Natans ◽

Subspecies Level ◽

Emended Description ◽

Taxonomic Approach

Seven strains of the genus Sphaerotilus were obtained from natural thermal sulfide (strains D-501T, D-502, D-504, D-505 and D-507) and low-temperature ferrous (strain HST) springs and from an activated sludge system (strain D-380). These Sphaerotilus isolates and strains of Sphaerotilus natans obtained from the DSMZ (S. natans DSM 6575T, DSM 565 and DSM 566) were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. All strains had Q-8 as the major quinone and C16 : 1ω7, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7 as the major fatty acids. The DNA–DNA hybridization results and 16S rRNA, hsp60 and gyrB gene sequencing experiments showed that isolates D-501T, D-502, D-504, D-505, D-507 and D-380 were closely related to the type strain of S. natans DSM 6575T. However, strains D-501T, D-502, D-504, D-505 and D-507 significantly differed from the heterotrophic strain S. natans DSM 6575T by their capability for lithotrophic growth with reduced sulfur compounds as an electron donor for energy conservation and some other phenotypic features. For this reason, strains D-501T, D-502, D-504, D-505 and D-507 merit a separate taxonomic classification at the subspecies level. The name Sphaerotilus natans subsp. sulfidivorans subsp. nov. (type strain D-501T = DSM 22545T = VKM B-2573T) is proposed. The subspecies Sphaerotilus natans subsp. natans subsp. nov. is automatically created as a result of this proposal. Strain D-380 was phenotypically closely related to S. natans DSM 6575T. Strains D-380 and S. natans DSM 6575T were assigned to the subspecies Sphaerotilus natans subsp. natans subsp. nov. (type strain DSM 6575T = ATCC 13338T). The 16S rRNA, hsp60 and gyrB gene sequences obtained for strains HST and DSM 565 showed very low sequence similarity values of 97.3 %, 89.7 % and 88.4 %, respectively, with S. natans DSM 6575T. Strain HST shared 99 % DNA–DNA relatedness with strain

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Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by Sphaerotilus natans

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf00170618 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Takeda ◽

H. Matsuoka ◽

H. Hamana ◽

M. Hikuma

Keyword(s):

Sphaerotilus Natans

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Sphaerotilus natans Isolated from Activated Sludge and Its Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-0119-9_86 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 1061-1073

Author(s):

Kang Liu ◽

Hong Chua ◽

Wai-hung Lo ◽

Hugh Lawford ◽

Peter Hoi-Fu Yu

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Sphaerotilus Natans

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Lysis of Sphaerotilus natans Swarm Cells by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.29.5.702-705.1975 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 702-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Albert D. Venosa

Keyword(s):

Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus ◽

Sphaerotilus Natans

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Sphaerotilus natans Isolated from Activated Sludge and Its Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1385/abab:98-100:1-9:1061 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 98-100 (1-9) ◽

pp. 1061-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kang Liu ◽

Hong Chua ◽

Wai-Hung Lo ◽

Hugh Lawford ◽

Peter Hoi-Fu Yu

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Sphaerotilus Natans

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The fine structure of Sphaerotilus nutans

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m73-051 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Judith F. M. Hoeniger ◽

H.-D. Tauschel ◽

J. L. Stokes

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Lateral Position ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Liquid Cultures ◽

Sphaerotilus Natans ◽

Stationary Liquid ◽

Basal Disk ◽

Polar Organelle

Sphaerotilus natans developed sheathed filaments in stationary liquid cultures and motile swarm cells in shaken ones. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations and thin sections showed that the sheath consists of fibrils. When the filaments were grown in broth with glucose added, the sheath was much thicker and the cells were packed with granules of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate.Swarm cells possess a subpolar tuft of 10 to 30 flagella and a polar organelle which is usually inserted in a lateral position and believed to be ribbon-shaped. The polar organelle consists of an inner layer joined by spokes to an accentuated plasma membrane. The flagellar hook terminates in a basal disk, consisting of two rings, which is connected by a central rod to a second basal disk.

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