Revisiting the circumscription of Chusquea anelythra (Poaceae–Bambusoideae–Bambuseae): lectotypification, redescription, geographic distribution, and conservation status

With 193 described species, Chusquea is the most diverse bamboo genus in the Neotropical region. Brazil, with 48 accepted species and 44 of them endemic, is one of its major centers of diversity. Among the Brazilian species, C. anelythra was only superficially characterized in its original publication almost 200 years ago, without a clear definition of its type-material, description of culm leaves, or comments on its geographic distribution or related species. As the absence of such information has greatly complicated the taxonomic delimitation of C. anelythra, the major aim of this paper is to clarify the identity of this species based on fieldwork and herbarium investigation, providing an emended description, illustrations, and photos of this species. We also designate a lectotype for the name C. anelythra, and provide a morphological comparison with two similar members of the C. meyeriana informal group. Geographic distribution and conservation status are also updated for this species.

Crassaminicella thermophila sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney and emended description of the genus Crassaminicella

A novel moderately thermophilic, anaerobic, heterotrophic bacterium (strain SY095T) was isolated from a hydrothermal vent chimney located on the Southwest Indian Ridge at a depth of 2730 m. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight to slightly curved rods forming terminal endospores. SY095T was grown at 45–60 °C (optimum 50–55 °C), pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum 7.0), and in a salinity of 1–4.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5 %). Substrates utilized by SY095T included fructose, glucose, maltose, N-acetyl glucosamine and tryptone. Casamino acid and amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, lysine, methionine, serine and histidine) were also utilized. The main end products from glucose fermentation were acetate, H2 and CO2. Elemental sulphur, sulphate, thiosulphate, sulphite, fumarate, nitrate, nitrite and Fe(III) were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0 (60.5%) and C16 : 0 (7.6 %). The main polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. No respiratory quinones were detected. The chromosomal DNA G+C content was 30.8 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SY095T was closely related to Crassaminicella profunda Ra1766HT (95.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). SY095T exhibited 78.1 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) to C. profunda Ra1766HT. The in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value indicated that SY095T shared 22.7 % DNA relatedness with C. profunda Ra1766HT. On the basis of its phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, SY095T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Crassaminicella , for which the name Crassaminicella thermophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SY095T (=JCM 34213=MCCC 1K04191). An emended description of the genus Crassaminicella is also proposed.

Muricauda onchidii sp. nov., isolated from a marine invertebrate from South China Sea, and transfers of Flagellimonas algicola, Flagellimonas pacifica and Flagellimonas maritima to Muricauda algicola comb. nov., Muricauda parva nom. nov. and Muricauda aurantiaca nom. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Muricauda

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile strain (XY-359T) was isolated from the mouth of a marine invertebrate Onchidium species from the South China Sea. It grew at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum, pH 7.5), at 15−37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and in the presence of 0.5–4.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5 %). It could not hydrolyse Tweens 20, 40, 60 or 80 and no flexirubin-type pigments were produced. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, six unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:1 G and iso-C15:0 3-OH. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. Strain XY-359T showed the greatest degree of 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Flagellimonas algicola AsT0115T (96.54 %), followed by Muricauda flava DSM 22638T (96.27 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 31 core genes indicated that strain XY-359T belongs to the genus Muricauda . The genome size of strain XY-359T was 4 207 872 bp, with 39.1 mol% of DNA G+C content. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain XY-359T and F. algicola AsT0115T were 74.58 % and 18.5 %, respectively, and those between strain XY-359T and M. flava DSM 22638T were 74.2 % and 18.3 %. The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data suggest that strain XY-359T represents a novel species of the genus Muricauda , for which the name Muricauda onchidii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XY-359T (=MCCC 1K03658T =KCTC 72218T). Moreover, based on the proposal of nesting Spongiibacterium and Flagellimonas within Muricauda by García (Validation List No. 193) and the analyses of phylogenetic trees and average amino acid identities in this study, the transfers of F. algicola , F. pacifica and F. maritima to the genus Muricauda as Muricauda algicola comb. nov., Muricauda parva nom. nov. and M. aurantiaca nom. nov., respectively, are proposed, with an emended description of the genus Muricauda .