Investigation to isolate the acute effects of carbohydrate restriction in energy matched diets on postprandial substrate metabolism: preliminary data from a cross-over dietary intervention.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayriye Biyikoglu ◽  
Adam Collins
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Substrate Metabolism

scholarly journals Very short term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in female adrenal failure: impact on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Juel Christiansen ◽  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Sanne Fisker ◽  
Niels Møller ◽  
Marianne Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Dhea Treatment ◽  
Release Of Glycerol ◽  
Phenyl Alanine

Objective: In female adrenal insufficiency, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretion is impaired and circulating androgen levels are severely reduced. We wanted to analyse the acute effects of physiological DHEA substitution on substrate metabolism. Design: We studied nine females with adrenal insufficiency after 9 days of oral DHEA replacement (50 mg/day) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Methods: Whole body and regional substrate metabolism was assayed in the basal state and during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp by means of isotope dilution techniques (glucose, phenyl-alanine, tyrosine), indirect calorimetry and in situ lipolysis (microdialysis technique). Results: DHEA treatment normalized the levels of all androgens. Basal and insulin-stimulated total energy expenditure and rates of protein, lipid and glucose oxidation were unaffected by DHEA. Whole body turnover of glucose and protein were also unaffected by DHEA. Forearm breakdown of protein was reduced by insulin to the same extent after placebo and DHEA. Insulin sensitivity as expressed by the glucose infusion rate during the euglycemic clamp was similar after placebo and DHEA. Finally, the interstitial release of glycerol in adipose tissue was not significantly influenced by DHEA. Conclusions: Short-term oral DHEA replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency was not associated with measurable changes in total or regional substrate metabolism.

Interim analysis of a prospective randomized trial of dietary carbohydrate restriction for men with a rising PSA after failed primary treatment: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 382-382
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Freedland ◽  
Jenifer Allen ◽  
Andrew J. Armstrong ◽  
Judd W. Moul ◽  
Howard M. Sandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

382 Background: Nearly one third of men treated with curative intent for localized prostate cancer (PC) will develop a rising PSA. The rate of PSA rise (PSA doubling time aka PSASDT) is a predictor metastases and PC death. In laboratory mice, an extreme low carbohydrate diet slows PC growth. We tested whether this diet could slow PSADT in men with recurrent PC. Methods: We are conducting a 6-month multi-center randomized phase II trial of dietary carbohydrate restriction vs. no diet intervention control. Men had to have a BMI ≥24 kg/m2, received radical prostatectomy or definitive local radiation for PC, had a PSA 0.4-20.0 ng/ml (3-20 if prior radiation therapy) within the past 3 months, and current PSADT 3-36 months. The intervention arm was instructed to eat < 20 grams/carbs/day with no other limits. The control arm was told to make no diet. In this interim analysis, we present the efficacy of the dietary intervention with regards to weight loss. Arms were compared using rank-sum. Total anticipated enrollment is 60. The primary outcome is differences in PSADT between arms. Secondary outcomes include weight loss, and dietary make-up. Results: To date, 28 patients (14 in each study arm) have completed the study. Characteristics were well-balanced at baseline. At the 6-month dietary assessment, calorie consumption was similar between the two study arms (p = 0.090) among the 16 patients (7 low-carb, 9 control) with diet information. Subjects in the low-carb arm ate fewer carbs (29 vs. 188 g, p = 0.008) and more protein (125 vs. 73 g, p = 0.044) but similar amounts of fat (75 vs. 67 g, p = 0.672) vs. subjects in the control arm. Six months on the low carb diet resulted in greater weight loss (median: 31.7 vs. 0.8 lbs, p < 0.001), lower BMI (24.4 vs. 29.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and smaller waist circumference (95.7 vs. 108.9 cm, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this interim analysis of an on-going dietary study for men with a rising PSA after definitive local treatment, an extreme low carbohydrate diet results in dramatic weight loss in 6 months. Whether this weight loss slows PC growth is an on-going question. Clinical trial information: NCT01763944.

Acute Effects of Alkali And Earth Alkali Citrates in Humans — A Synopsis of Preliminary Data in Urine

1994 ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
P. O. Schwille ◽  
U. Herrmann ◽  
J. Fan ◽  
C. H. Schick ◽  
M. Manoharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Acute Effects

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Restriction, as a First-Line Dietary Intervention, Effectively Reduces Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome in Emirati Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taif Al-Sarraj ◽  
Hussein Saadi ◽  
Mariana C. Calle ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Maria Luz Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
First Line

scholarly journals Strain, Sex, and Diet Dependent Responses to American and Ketogenic Diets in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1273-1273
Author(s):  
Anna Salvador ◽  
Danny Arends ◽  
Gudrun Brockmann ◽  
David Threadgill
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

Abstract Objectives Carbohydrate restriction is a widely used dietary intervention to treat chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome. The ketogenic diet represents a severe type of carbohydrate restriction and is being rapidly adopted by metabolically healthy individuals. Recently, different responses to American (35% of energy from fat, 50% from carbohydrate) and ketogenic (80% of energy from fat, and 0% from carbohydrate) were observed between C57BL/6 J and FVB/NJ mice suggesting that genetic background effects response and non-response to carbohydrate restriction. Methods To further investigate the apparent response and non-response to carbohydrate restriction, we generated a C57BL/6 J x FVB/NJ intercross (F2) population (250 females and 264 males) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in response to these two high fat diets. All animals were genotyped on the Mouse Universal Genotyping Array. Results Genetic analyses for fat gain during 3 months on diet revealed a diet and sex dependent (pdiet: Chr5 = 0.0013, psex: Chr5 = 0.0087) QTL on Chromosome (Chr) 5 at 73.7 Mb that results in a male-specific response to the ketogenic diet. There is an additional QTL on distal Chr1 at 191.6 Mb for fat mass gain in both males and females, on on both diets that overlaps with a QTL for serum HDL cholesterol concentration after 3 months on diet at 168.6 Mb. Conclusions This distal locus on Chr1 has previously been associated with Apoa2 and serum HDL cholesterol concentration in these strains. Additional candidate genes in these regions include Hsd11b1 and Srd5a3 and are associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis. These candidates are of primary interest given the relationship between cholesterol and synthesis of steroid hormones. These results demonstrate that the response to American and ketogenic diets is strain and sex specific. Our ongoing efforts to validate the regulatory role of these loci in response to carbohydrate restriction will be used to assess the utility of the relevant genotypes and analytes as biomarkers for response to carbohydrate restriction. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health.

Carbohydrate restriction in the morning increases weight loss effect of a hypocaloric Mediterranean type diet: a randomized, parallel group dietary intervention in overweight and obese subjects

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 110578
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Dellis ◽  
Dimitrios Tsilingiris ◽  
Ioanna Eleftheriadou ◽  
Anastasios Tentolouris ◽  
Pavlos P. Sfikakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Loss Effect

An Introductory Examination of Speech Disfluencies in Spanish–English Bilingual Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter During Narratives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Cristina Rincon ◽  
Kia Noelle Johnson ◽  
Courtney Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and type of speech disfluencies (stuttering-like and nonstuttering-like) in bilingual Spanish–English (SE) children who stutter (CWS) to SE children who do not stutter (CWNS) during narrative samples elicited in Spanish and English to provide further diagnostic information for this population and preliminary data toward an expansion of this study. Method Participants included six bilingual SE children (three CWS, three CWNS) ranging in age from 5 years to 7;5 (years;months) and recruited from the surrounding Houston, Texas area. Participants provided a narrative sample in English and Spanish. The frequency of speech disfluencies was tabulated, and mean length of utterance was measured for each sample. Results Results indicate that both talker groups exceed the diagnostic criteria typically used for developmental stuttering. Regardless of the language being spoken, CWS participants had a frequency of stuttering-like speech disfluencies that met or exceeded the diagnostic criteria for developmental stuttering that is based on monolingual English speakers. The CWNS participants varied in meeting the criteria depending on the language being spoken, with one of the three CWNS exceeding the criteria in both languages and one exceeding the criteria for percentage of stuttering-like speech disfluencies in one language. Conclusion Findings from this study contribute to the development of more appropriate diagnostic criteria for bilingual SE-speaking children to aid in the reduction of misdiagnoses of stuttering in this population.

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