scholarly journals Hiperplasia da glândula de Brunner mimetizando tumor gastrointestinal / Brunner’s gland hyperplasia mimetizing gastrointestinal tumor

Author(s):  
Kamila Motta Stradiotti ◽  
Felipe Pires Albuquerque ◽  
Maria Laura Silveira de Castro

Introdução: A hiperplasia da glândula de Brunner é uma lesão proliferativa rara e benigna das glândulas de Brunner, glândulas exócrinas localizadas no duodeno, e juntamente com o hamartoma, representam cerca de 5-10% dos tumores duodenais. A nomenclatura sobre essas lesões ainda não está bem estabelecida na literatura, podendo causar dificuldade diagnóstica. A proliferação anormal das glândulas de Brunner é classificada como hiperplasia, contendo múltiplas pequenas lesões polipóides ou nodulares ao longo do duodeno, menores que 5mm. O hamartoma é definido como massa solitária que contém uma mistura de ácinos, ductos, músculo liso, tecido adiposo e tecido linfóide, maiores que 5mm. Geralmente as lesões das glândulas de Brunner são um achado incidental e os pacientes são comumente assintomáticos, ocorrendo na 5ª a 6ª décadas de vida, sem predileção por sexo. Quando sintomáticos, os pacientes podem apresentar sangramento gastrointestinal, obstrução duodenal, dor abdominal, obstrução ampular ou intussuscepção. Há relatos de possível transformação maligna, sendo assim recomendada a ressecção endoscópica ou cirúrgica nos casos suspeitos, após realizar um amplo diagnóstico diferencial de massas duodenais. Objetivo: Relatar um caso raro de hiperplasia das glândulas de Brunner mimetizando tumor do trato gastrointestinal e a importância do seu diagnóstico correto. Relato do caso: Paciente com diagnóstico prévio de neoplasia do trato gastrointestinal em seguimento oncológico, procurou atendimento com queixa de dor abdominal difusa, sem outros sintomas associados. Ao exame físico referiu leve desconforto abdominal à palpação. Exames laboratoriais sem alterações. Foram solicitados exames de imagem complementares, evidenciando lesão no bulbo duodenal, levantando as principais hipóteses diagnósticas de Brunneroma, Lipoma ou GIST. Paciente foi submetida à biópsia e análise anatomopatológica com diagnóstico morfológico de Hiperplasia de glândulas de Brunner. Por se tratar de uma lesão benigna, foi optado manter acompanhamento clínico, evitando submeter a paciente à intervenções cirúrgicas desnecessárias. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro dos métodos diagnósticos, incluindo anatomopatológico e exames de tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e PET/CT, bem como uma breve revisão da literatura. Conclusão: Relatamos um caso de hiperplasia da glândula de Brunner mimetizando neoplasia nos exames de tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e PET/CT, demonstrando um desafio diagnóstico e a importância do conhecimento dos diagnósticos diferenciais na avaliação de massas duodenais.Palavras Chave: Glândulas de Brunner, Hiperplasia, Hamartoma, Neoplasias duodenais, Trato gastrointestinal, Diagnóstico por imagemABSTRACT:Introduction: Brunner’s gland hyperplasia is a rare and benign proliferative lesion of the Brunner glands, exocrine glands located in the duodenum, and together with the hamartoma, represent about 5-10% of duodenal tumors. The nomenclature of these lesions is not yet well established in the literature and may cause diagnostic difficulty. Abnormal proliferation of Brunner’s glands is classified as hyperplasia, containing multiple small polypoid or nodular lesions throughout the duodenum, smaller than 5 mm. Hamartoma is defined as a solitary mass containing a mixture of acini, ducts, smooth muscle, adipose tissue and lymphoid tissue, bigger than 5mm. Brunner’s gland lesions are usually an incidental finding and patients are commonly asymptomatic, occurring in the 5th to 6th decades of life, with no gender preference.When symptomatic, patients may have gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal obstruction, abdominal pain, ampullary obstruction, or intussusception. Possible malignant transformation has been reported, so endoscopic or surgical resection in suspected cases is recommended after a wide differential diagnosis of duodenal masses. Objectives: Report a rare case of Brunner’s gland hyperplasia mimicking gastrointestinal tract tumor and the importance of its correct diagnosis. Case report: A patient with a previous diagnosis of neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in oncological follow-up, sought care with complaints of diffuse abdominal pain, without other associated symptoms. On physical examination, she reported mild abdominal discomfort on palpation. Laboratory tests without changes. Complementary imaging exams were requested, showing lesion in the duodenal bulb, raising the main diagnostic hypotheses of Brunneroma, Lipoma or GIST. Patient underwent biopsy and anatomopathological analysis with morphological diagnosis of Brunner’s gland hyperplasia. As it is a benign lesion, it was decided to maintain clinical follow-up, avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions. Information was obtained by reviewing the medical record, interviewing the patient, recording diagnostic methods, including histopathologic examination and computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and PET / CT examinations, and a brief literature review. Conclusion: We report a case of Brunner’s gland hyperplasia mimicking neoplasia on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and PET / CT, demonstrating a diagnostic challenge and the importanceof knowledge of differential diagnoses in the evaluation of duodenal masses.Keywords: Brunner glands, Hyperplasia, Hamartoma, Duodenal neoplasms, Gastrointestinal tract, Diagnostic imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hutchinson ◽  
Jonathan Lyske ◽  
Vimal Patel ◽  
Gavin Low

Pelvic pain presents a common diagnostic conundrum with a myriad of causes ranging from benign and trivial to malignant and emergent. We present a case where a mucinous neoplasm of the appendix acted as a mimic for tubular adnexal pathology on imaging. With the associated imaging findings on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, we wish to raise awareness of mucinous tumors of the appendix when tubular right adnexal pathology is present both in the presence of pelvic or abdominal pain or when noted incidentally. Tubular pathology such as uncomplicated paraovarian cysts or hydrosalpinx is frequently treated conservatively with long-interval follow-up imaging or left to clinical follow-up. Thus, if incorrectly diagnosed as tubular pathology, an appendix mucocele or mucinous neoplasm of the appendix is likely to be undertreated. We wish to clarify some of the confusion around nomenclature and classification of the multiple entities that are comprised by the terms mucocele and mucinous tumor of the appendix.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Kjærgaard Nielsen ◽  
Øyvind Østraat ◽  
Ole Graumann ◽  
Bodil Ginnerup Pedersen ◽  
Gratien Andersen ◽  
...  

The present study investigates how computed tomography perfusion scans and magnetic resonance imaging correlates with the histopathological alterations in renal tissue after cryoablation. A total of 15 pigs were subjected to laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation on both kidneys. After intervention, each animal was randomized to a postoperative follow-up period of 1, 2, or 4 weeks, after which computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed. Immediately after imaging, open bilateral nephrectomy was performed allowing for histopathological examination of the cryolesions. On computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, rim enhancement was observed in the transition zone of the cryolesion 1week after laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation. This rim enhancement was found to subside after 2 and 4 weeks of follow-up, which was consistent with the microscopic examinations revealing of fibrotic scar tissue formation in the peripheral zone of the cryolesion. On T2 magnetic resonance imaging sequences, a thin hypointense rim surrounded the cryolesion, separating it from the adjacent renal parenchyma. Microscopic examinations revealed hemorrhage and later hemosiderin located in the peripheral zone. No nodular or diffuse contrast enhancement was found in the central zone of the cryolesions at any follow-up stage on neither computed tomography perfusion nor magnetic resonance imaging. On microscopic examinations, the central zone was found to consist of coagulative necrosis 1 week after laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation, which was partially replaced by fibrotic scar tissue 4 weeks following laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation. Both computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging found the renal collecting system to be involved at all 3 stages of follow-up, but on microscopic examination, the urothelium was found to be intact in all cases. In conclusion, cryoablation effectively destroyed renal parenchyma, leaving the urothelium intact. Both computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging reflect the microscopic findings but with some differences, especially regarding the peripheral zone. Magnetic resonance imaging seems an attractive modality for early postoperative follow-up.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (25) ◽  
pp. 2911-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moreau ◽  
Michel Attal ◽  
Denis Caillot ◽  
Margaret Macro ◽  
Lionel Karlin ◽  
...  

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) are important imaging techniques in multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a prospective trial in patients with MM aimed at comparing MRI and PET-CT with respect to the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis and the prognostic value of the techniques. Patients and Methods One hundred thirty-four patients received a combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) with or without autologous stem-cell transplantation, followed by lenalidomide maintenance. PET-CT and MRI were performed at diagnosis, after three cycles of RVD, and before maintenance therapy. The primary end point was the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis by MRI versus PET-CT. Secondary end points included the prognostic impact of MRI and PET-CT regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results At diagnosis, MRI results were positive in 127 of 134 patients (95%), and PET-CT results were positive in 122 of 134 patients (91%; P = .33). Normalization of MRI after three cycles of RVD and before maintenance was not predictive of PFS or OS. PET-CT became normal after three cycles of RVD in 32% of the patients with a positive evaluation at baseline, and PFS was improved in this group (30-month PFS, 78.7% v 56.8%, respectively). PET-CT normalization before maintenance was described in 62% of the patients who were positive at baseline. This was associated with better PFS and OS. Extramedullary disease at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS, whereas PET-CT normalization before maintenance was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusion There is no difference in the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis when comparing PET-CT and MRI. PET-CT is a powerful tool to evaluate the prognosis of de novo myeloma.


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Hyoung Woo Kim ◽  
Jin-Hyeok Hwang ◽  
Jong-chan Lee ◽  
Kyu-hyun Paik ◽  
Jingu Kang ◽  
...  

207 Background: Multi-detector computed tomography using pancreatic protocol (pCT) has been a preferred diagnostic imaging modality before resection of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), because an adjunctive role of liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still unclear. The current study evaluated whether liver MRI added to pCT can help to select proper surgical candidates, and reduce the risk of early recurrence, eventually result in longer survival in resected PDAC patients. Methods: Among 197 PDAC patients who underwent curative-intended surgery, 167 patients who achieved complete resection with no grossly visible tumor were enrolled retrospectively. All patients had no metastatic lesions on pCT and/or MRI, preoperatively. Among them, 102 patients underwent pCT alone (CT group), and 65 patients liver MRI as well as pCT (MRI group). Results: By adding the liver MRI, hepatic metastases were newly discovered in 3 of 58 patients (5.2%) with no hepatic lesions on pCT and in 17 of 53 patients (32.1%) with indeterminate hepatic lesions on pCT. Among 167 patients who achieved R0/R1 resection, the median overall and disease-free survival were 20.1 vs 29.3 months and 8.5 vs 10.0 months in the CT and the MRI group, respectively (p = 0.011 and = 0.012), during median follow-up of 16.4 months. 80 (78.4%) patients in the CT group and 39 (60.0%) in the MRI group experienced recurrence during follow-up. Cumulative initial hepatic recurrence rate was higher in the CT group than in the MRI group (43.7% vs 18.5% at 1yr and 57.4% vs 26.9% at 2yr, p < 0.001), although the other sites recurrence did not differ in both groups. Conclusions: Liver MRI added to pCT has an incremental value in detecting PDAC hepatic metastases. Furthermore, because PDAC patients who underwent resection after liver MRI as well as pCT expect lower rate of hepatic recurrence and better survival than pCT alone, therefore, liver MRI added to pCT is needed to patients who planned curative resection of PDAC.


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