scholarly journals Effective tax rates in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Kostarakos ◽  
◽  
Petros Varthalitis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Distortionary Taxes ◽  
The Eu

This article provides estimates of the effective tax rates in Ireland for the 1995-2017 period. We use these aggregate tax indicators to compare the developments in the Irish tax policy mix with the rest of the European Union countries and investigate any potential relation with Ireland’s macroeconomic performance. Our findings show that distortionary taxes, e.g. on factors of production, are significantly lower while less distortionary taxes, e.g. on consumption, are higher in Ireland than most European countries. Thus, the distribution of tax burden falls relatively more on consumption and to a lesser extent on labour than capital; while in the EU average the norm is the opposite. The descriptive analysis indicates that this shift in the Irish tax policy mix is correlated with the country’s strong economic performance.

scholarly journals Company Taxation in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Company Taxation ◽  
Statutory Tax Rate ◽  
The Eu

This paper investigates different measures of corporate tax burden ranging from the most basic ones such as the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rates. Each of these measures has advantages and disadvantages and they may lead to different rankings of countries. One of the reasons lies the fact that they measure different things. The comparison of the statutory tax rates to the effective ones for the EU-27 during the period of 1998-2009 sometimes reveals very significant differences between these indicators. Taking this into consideration, the paper suggests that corporate tax burden analysis should not be limited to the most basic and readily available measure in the form of the statutory tax rate. Different measures are tailored to answer different research questions. Moreover, the article presents changes of company taxation for the EU-27 within 1998-2009.

scholarly journals Are the tendencies of the race to the bottom real in the European Union?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-898
Author(s):  
Veronika Dvořáková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Competition ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

The increasing globalization and integration of markets are one of the causes of tax competition. Even though tax competition may be beneficial for some countries, on the other hand for others states it may mean an erosion of their public budgets. The Member States are therefore forced to compete for a capital by a reducing of the tax burden (especially a cutting of the corporate effective tax rates) to don’t lose their tax bases. At present time of the debt crisis, when most of the Member States look for a solution to a balance of their deficit budgets, there a question arises whether a tendency towards a cutting of corporate effective tax rates does not lead to a race to the bottom and the erosion of their public budgets. In this context, the aim of this paper is to answer whether the race to the bottom is real in the European Union. This paper empirically evaluates the level of the race to the bottom in the European Union and using panel analysis it verifies on a sample of 27 Member States over the period 1998 to 2010 whether the tendencies of the race to the bottom are real. According to the panel analysis this paper concludes that the tendencies of the race to the bottom are particularly evident in the new Member States, i.e. in the EU-12 countries, while for the old Member States, i.e. for the EU-15 countries, the race to the bottom cannot be statistically confirmed.

scholarly journals Drivers of the duration of comparative advantage in the European Union’s agri-food exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

The article investigates the duration of comparative advantage indices in the European Union (EU-27) agri-food exports using the normalised revealed comparative advantage index on the global market. There is employed both a descriptive analysis of the duration of comparative advantage, and examined the major drivers using discrete-time duration models with proper controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The robustness of the models is tested with alternative estimation procedures and sub-samples. Estimations show that the comparative advantages for most agri-food products survived for a certain number of years, but a high percentage of them have a shorter duration. Larger trade costs decrease the probability of survival in comparative advantages, while the level of economic development, the size of the country, the agri-food export diversification, and being a new EU member state increases it. Implications for the EU-27 member states and agri-food policies are suggested in the conclusion.

Tax Competition in Wilhelmine Germany and Its Implications for the European Union

1996 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hallerberg
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Competition ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
National Government ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
State Tax

The twenty-five German states from 1871 to 1914 present a useful data set for examining how increasing economic integration affects tax policy. After German unification the national government collapsed six currencies into one and liberalized preexisting restrictions on capital and labor mobility. In contrast, the empire did not directly interfere in the making of state tax policy; while states transferred certain indirect taxes to the central government, they maintained their own autonomous tax and political systems through World War I. This paper examines the extent to which tax competition forced the individual state tax systems to converge from 1871 to 1914. In spite of a diversity of political systems, tax competition did require states to harmonize their rates on mobile factors like capital and high income labor, but it did not affect tax rates on immobile factors. In states where the political system guaranteed agricultural dominance, taxes on land were reduced, while in states with more open systems, tax rates remained higher. One unexpected result is that tax rates on capital and income converged upward instead of downward. The most dominant state, Prussia, served as the lowest-common-denominator state, but pressure from the national government, especially to increase expenditures, forced all states to raise their tax rates. These results suggest possible ways for the European Union to avoid a forced downward convergence of member state tax rates on capital and mobile labor.

Tax revenues in the European Union countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to analyse tax revenues and examine similarities of selected tax revenues (mainly VAT, CIT, PIT and excise duty) in the European Union countries. The analysis of the EU members concerns the period between 2003 (i.e. the year preceding the biggest enlargement of the EU) and 2012 (due to data completeness). Tax rates and the structure of tax revenues in the EU countries were compared and then the cluster analysis was applied to assess the similarity of tax revenues. The analysis suggests that the process of tax harmonization, which took place in the period considered, did not exert a significant impact on the similarity of the structure of tax revenues in the EU countries. The structure seems to be still determined by e.g. social, economic or historical factors, which influenced the tax systems creation in particular EU countries.

US corporate tax reform depends on issue linkage

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
Corporate Tax Reform ◽  
The Eu

Significance Corporate tax may be one area where it could be possible to find some common ground between the otherwise gridlocked Republican Congress and the Democratic White House. President Barack Obama has proposed a one-time repatriation tax on cash held overseas by companies to be followed by a full-spectrum tax code overhaul. Impacts Lobbyists may support a repatriation amnesty, but will obstruct any initiative that raises effective tax rates. European Commission independence from member states may see the EU lead on corporate tax investigations. Australia will move slowly on corporate tax reform if the coalition government remains distracted by leadership disputes.

Besteuerungsprinzipien und effektive Unternehmenssteuerbelastungen in der Europäischen Union: Regelt sich die EU-weite Steuerharmonisierung von selbst?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Elschner ◽  
Jost H. Heckemeyer ◽  
Christoph Spengel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

AbstractEU law demands that the allocation of factors and goods within the European Union shall not be distorted by taxes. Efforts to formally harmonize corporate tax regimes in Europe have, however, stalled in recent years. What is more, the source principle has prevailed over residence based taxation which is seen to be more in line with EU law. Tax induced distortions of cross-border investment decisions are supposed to be the consequence. Based on country-specific effective average tax rates from 1998 to 2009, this article shows that there is, however, non-coordinated convergence of tax burdens within the EU. Thus, distortions of cross-border investment decisions are limited and decreasing even without formal harmonization.

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