scholarly journals Drivers of the duration of comparative advantage in the European Union’s agri-food exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

The article investigates the duration of comparative advantage indices in the European Union (EU-27) agri-food exports using the normalised revealed comparative advantage index on the global market. There is employed both a descriptive analysis of the duration of comparative advantage, and examined the major drivers using discrete-time duration models with proper controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The robustness of the models is tested with alternative estimation procedures and sub-samples. Estimations show that the comparative advantages for most agri-food products survived for a certain number of years, but a high percentage of them have a shorter duration. Larger trade costs decrease the probability of survival in comparative advantages, while the level of economic development, the size of the country, the agri-food export diversification, and being a new EU member state increases it. Implications for the EU-27 member states and agri-food policies are suggested in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages of the Czech agrarian foreign trade in relation to the EU and third countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Eu

The Czech agrarian trade represents a variable which has been developing in a very dynamic manner over time. In the time period of 2000–2010 alone, the value of its turnover grew up from about USD 2.7 billion to about USD 11.4 billion. In the course of time, the Czech agrarian foreign trade has gradually adjusted its territorial as well as commodity structure. As regards the importance of trading partners, Member States of the European Union have unequivocally come to the fore. Accession of CR to the EU has also left its marks on the existing form of the commodity structure of realized exports and imports alike, while especially the export structure has still been shaping in a significant manner. The paper deals with issues related to development of the Czech agrarian foreign trade with the aim to identify its comparative advantages in the area of the commodity and territorial structure both in relation to the global market (the market of third countries outside the EU) and in relation to the EU27 countries. Following are the outcomes of the paper conclusions. Although the Czech agrarian trade as the whole does not have any comparative advantages both with respect to the market of the EU27 countries and with respect to third countries (the global market), its individual aggregations are able to win through and gain comparative advantages, especially with respect to individual Member States of the EU. In this respect, it is worth mentioning that in 2010, 190 (i.e. nearly one half) out of 390 studied export flows realized to 26 Member States of the EU were competitive. The comparative advantages are more or less evenly distributed among the new and old Member States of the EU. As regards third countries, it may be stated that the Czech agrarian export has comparative advantages only to a significantly limited scope.

scholarly journals Changes in comparative advantages of the Polish food sector in world trade

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The period after Poland's accession to the European Union is a period of systematic development of Polish foreign trade in food products. Positive changes were visible already in the first year, but trade turnover and the balance of food exchange were even more dynamic in the subsequent years of Poland's membership in the EU. Purpose of the article: One way to assess the competitiveness of Polish food sector is the analysis of comparative advantages (relative) in the trade of products of this sector. So the aim of the presented research is to assess the comparative ad-vantages of the Polish food sector (including its most important chapters). Methods: The analysis of comparative advantages was based on relative trade advantage index (RTA) and the Lafay trade balance index (TBI). The analyses cover the years 2004–2017. The data source was the WITS-Comtrade trading database, in which trade flows are expressed in USD. The analysis was carried out at the HS chapter level. Findings & Value added: The analysis of comparative advantages in the Polish trade in food products showed that during the membership in the European Union Poland had relative comparative advantages in the food trade on the world market. In the years 2004–2017 Polish export in agri-food products increased more than 4.5 times and the positive balance of trade in these products increased more than 9.0 times. Products in trade of which Poland had comparative advantages in 2017 accounted for 55.5% of trade of the Polish agri-food sector in the global market, i.e. by 12.8% more than in the year of accession of Poland to the EU. The dynamic development of trade in food products after Poland's accession to the EU, as well as significant comparative advantages in trade in these products, testify to the competitiveness and high importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

The global competitiveness of European wine producers

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 2076-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiás Máté Balogh ◽  
Attila Jámbor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Wine Trade

Purpose Comparative advantage is an important indicator in the analysis of international trade flow; however, in empirical studies on agriculture it is often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse global comparative advantage in the European Union (EU) wine industry and to test the duration and stability of trade indices. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies the theory of comparative advantages by using the Balassa indices to European wine trade (based on the 16 biggest producers) data from the period 2000-2013. Moreover, it applies stability and duration analysis on comparative advantages calculated. Findings Results suggest that Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are the highest ranked European wine producers in the world market and have the largest comparative advantages. However, duration and stability tests indicate that trade advantages have weakened for the majority of these countries. The paper discusses a number of reasons for this downturn, including changes to Common Agricultural Policy wine regulation, economic crisis, and the rise of New World wine producers. Originality/value The originality of the paper is that it applies the theory of comparative advantage to top wine exporters in the EU. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by analysing the duration and stability of comparative advantage in the global wine trade. Moreover, the identification of industry-specific causes for changing patterns in comparative advantage in the EU might be important to the wine industry.

scholarly journals Export Competitiveness Analysis of Creative Industries in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Deimantė Krisiukėnienė ◽  
Vaida Pilinkienė
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Eu

AbstractResearch purpose. The research purpose is to assess and compare the competitiveness of the EU creative industries’ export.Design/Methodology/Approach. The article is organised as follows: Section 1 presents a short theoretical conception of creative industries; Section 2 presents the theoretical background of trade competitiveness indices; Section 3 introduces the research data set, method and variables; Section 4 discusses the results of the revealed comparative advantage index analysis; and the final section presents the conclusions of the research. It should be noted that the research does not cover all possible factors underlying the differences in the external sector performance and thus may need to be complemented with country-specific analysis as warranted. Methods of the research include theoretical review and analysis, evaluation of comparative advantage indices and clustering.Findings. The analysis revealed that the EU countries may gain competitiveness because of the globalisation effects and the development of creative industries. The increase in the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index during the period 2004–2017 shows rising EU international trade specialisation in creative industries. According to dynamic RCA index results, France, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain has competitive advantage in creative industries sectors and could be specified as ‘rising stars’ according to dynamic of their export.Originality/Value/Practical implications. A creative industries analysis is becoming increasingly relevant in scientific research. Fast globalisation growth affects the processes in which closed economies together with their specific sectors are no longer competitive in the market because productivity of countries as well as particular economic sectors depends on international trade liberalisation, technology and innovation. Scientific literature, nevertheless, contains a gap in the area of international trade competitiveness research in creative industries sector.

scholarly journals Climate Change in the Western Balkans and Eu Green Deal – Coherence, Challenges, and Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi Knez ◽  
Snežana Štrbac ◽  
Iztok Podbregar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background: The European Commission (EC), based on the European Green Deal (2019) and the Recovery plan for Europe (2021) envisages investing 30% of the budget in climate-related programs, projects, and initiatives, which clearly shows Europe's commitment to becoming the first climate-neutral region by 2050. Activities are also planned for countries that are not members of the European Union (EU), which requires complex changes in the field of legislation, strategic planning, implementation, and monitoring. To successfully plan short-term and long-term activities on these grounds, it is necessary to have a realistic picture of the state of climate change in each country - as they spill over into the entire region of Europe. The main objective of this paper is to present the state of climate change in six Western Balkans countries, of which only Croatia is a member of the EU, for the needs of planning activities and initial harmonization with the EU plan to reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 2050. Results: The main results of the research show that in all countries of the region, the average annual temperature increased by 1.2 °C compared to 1970, with stabilization and the beginning of the decline which can be expected around 2040. The main reasons for climate change in the region are: industry, energy, and heating sector based on coal exploitation, low energy efficiency, etc. Conclusions: It can be concluded that all countries of the Western Balkans have adopted (or are in the process of adopting) the necessary regulations and strategies towards climate change mitigation, but the implementation of specific activities is at a low level. The reasons for this most often lies in the insufficient commitment of decision-makers to make significant changes in the field of climate change transition (lower level of economic development, lack of investment, preservation of social peace). Finally, the paper provides an overview of climate change by country, scenario analysis, and policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantages of Jute Export in Bangladesh, China and India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Shaima Chowdhury Sharna ◽  
M Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
New Markets ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages

The aim of this study was to review the trend of production and export of jute as well as comparative advantages of jute export of Bangladesh, China and India. In the case of production, India is the leading country which is followed by Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Egypt and others. However, Bangladesh plays the supreme role over other countries in the world for exporting jute. Jute export fluctuated erratically over the past four decades in these three most jute exporting countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) has been enumerated for comparing the jute export advantages in the global market. Bangladesh always enjoys greater comparative advantages than China and India although the revealed comparative advantages are less in recent years than those were one decade ago. But it can’t catch the high-value market because exporters have mainly focused on raw jute while jute goods have high potentiality. The recommended issues urge to enhance the productivity of jute cultivation, inaugurate more diversified products, and explore new markets for exports. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 183-190,  August 2020

“Lisbon vs. Lisbon”: Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1909-1915
Author(s):  
Daniel Augenstein ◽  
Bert van Roermund
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

In March 2000, the Lisbon European Council agreed upon a new strategic goal for the European Union: to become the “most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.” One decade and the sobering experience of a global economic crisis later, the European Commission's new 2020 Strategy sets out a vision of Europe's social market economy for the 21st century that “shows how the EU can emerge stronger from the economic crisis and how it can be turned into a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy delivering high levels of employment, productivity and social cohesion.” If somewhat more modest in its targets, Europe 2020 reiterates the guiding ambition to enhance the EU's economic performance in the internal and global market that already dominated the Lisbon strategy. The lesson learned from Europe's “lost decade” is that the EU needs to replace the “slow and largely uncoordinated pace of reforms” with a “sustainable recovery” in order to regain its competitiveness, boost its productivity, and put it on “an upward path of prosperity.” This is, then, the EU's first “Lisbon” agenda that heavily relies on the internal market and that depicts social inclusion and political stability as conditioned upon further European economic integration. The recipe to defy what has grown from a “merely” economic crisis into a social and political crisis of the Union and its Member States is a combination of “smart,” “sustainable,” and “inclusive” growth.

scholarly journals Export competitiveness of the European Union in fruit and vegetable products in the global markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Member States ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage Index ◽  
The Eu

The research provides evidence on the fruit and vegetable products export competitiveness of the European Union (EU-27) member states in the global markets. The revealed comparative advantage index is used to analyse the levels and compositions in the export competitiveness by differentiated fruit and vegetable products. Most of the EU-27 member states experienced revealed comparative disadvantages in the fruit and vegetable products in the global markets. Spain and the Netherlands experienced the most robust results of the revealed comparative advantages between 2000 and 2011 and among fruit and vegetable groups of products. Most other of the EU-27 member states with the comparative export advantages in fruit and vegetable products specialized in a certain segment or niche fruit and vegetable products.

scholarly journals The competitiveness and comparative advantage of the Slovak and the EU agri-food trade with Russia and Ukraine

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qineti ◽  
M. Rajcaniova ◽  
E. Matejkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Trade Specialization ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
The Eu

The paper investigates comparative advantages and competitiveness of Slovak and the EU 27 agri-food trade in markets of two countries: Russia and Ukraine. Our aim is to see the dynamics of the agri-food trade for the analyzed countries especially in the post-accession period. Applying a trade dataset from the EUROSTAT and based on the approach applied by Bojnec and Fertő (2006), we describe the pattern of agri-food trade in Slovakia and the EU using the Balassa index. The extent of trade specialization exhibits a declining trend in the country. It has lost comparative advantage for a number of product groups over time. The indices of specialization have tended to converge. For the particular product groups, the indices display a greater variation. They are stable for the product groups with comparative disadvantage, but the product groups with strong comparative advantage show a significant variation. There are also shown different tendencies for different markets i.e. the trade patterns between the Slovak Republic and the EU 27 with Russia and Ukraine.

scholarly journals THE COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF POLAND AND OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS IN AGRI-FOOD TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz AMBROZIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to compare the competitive positions of Poland and of sixcountries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) in their trade in agri-food products with theEuropean Union (EU) in 2010–2015. To this end, the synthetic tradecompetitiveness index (CI) was created, being the arithmetic average of twonormalised indices of the competitive position, i.e. the trade coverage index (TC)and the Balassa revealed comparative advantages index (RCA). The study is basedon the trade data from the WITS – World Integrated Trade Solution database(Comtrade, HS – Harmonised System 2002), expressed in USD. Agri-foodproducts are understood as products classified in chapters 01–24 of the HarmonisedCommodity Description and Coding System (HS). The research results show thatonly in trade of 5 product groups no country from the Western Balkans competedwith Poland in the EU market. In other product groups which were competitive inPolish exports Poland competed in the EU market with some of the WesternBalkan countries.

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