scholarly journals Constructions and Durative Aspect Marker ZHE in Mandarin Chinese-Focus on the Selection of Viewpoint Aspect Marker and the Semantic, Syntactic Features of Constructions

2016 ◽  
Vol null (75) ◽  
pp. 65-91
Author(s):  
정지수
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Selection Of

Uralic Languages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abondolo
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Relative Complement ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Phonological Reconstruction ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Person Marking

All but three of the thirty-nine Uralic languages are endangered, most of them seriously so; of the family’s ten main branches, only two have members considered safe (Finnish and Estonian of the Fennic branch, plus Hungarian). This chapter surveys a selection of phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of the Uralic languages; the emphasis is on presenting aspects that are usually ignored, oversimplified, or misrepresented. Among the topics broached are vowel harmony; consonant gradation, which in the Uralic context is of four distinct kinds, three of them quite old; less-than-agglutinative (i.e. fairly fusional features of several languages); problems of phonological reconstruction; the inflection of personal pronouns; person marking on nouns and Subject, Agent, and Object marking on verbs; and kinds of relative, complement, and support clauses.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Viewpoint Aspect and Situation Aspect: A Case Study of Alternating Intransitive Constructions in Thai

MANUSYA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-79
Author(s):  
Kachen Tansiri
Keyword(s):  
Causal Chain ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
Situation Aspect ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
The One ◽  
Verb Meaning

This paper aims at analyzing an internal temporal constituency of situations denoted by alternating intransitive constructions (AIC) in Thai in order to subclassify them, and investigating interactions between two viewpoint-aspect markers, namely kamlaƞ and jùu, and each subtype of AICs. According to the scope of a profile on the causal chain, the AICs in Thai are arranged into two main groups, i.e., the AICs denoting a simplex causal situation and the AICs denoting a complex causal situation. In each group, they are further subclassified according to the situation aspect of the denoted situations. In analyzing the interactions between viewpoint aspect and situation aspect, I show that kamlaƞ and jùu both function as imperfective viewpoint-aspect markers because they interact with situation aspect at the phase of the situation without any reference to the boundaries. However, they are distinguished in terms of the semantics of the forms themselves and the semantics of the phase they profile. On the one hand, kamlaƞ functions as a dynamic imperfective viewpoint-aspect marker in that it profiles the dynamic phase of the situations and construes them as on-going processes. On the other hand, jùu functions as a stative imperfective aspect marker. Unlike kamlaƞ , jùu can profile either a static or a dynamic phase. If jùu co-occurs with a static situation, the situation will be construed as a persistent state. If jùu co-occurs with a dynamic one, it refers to the progressive situation, which is viewed as stative. Since the grammatical aspect marker jùu is grammaticalized from the lexical verb meaning ‘to exist,’ there is a remnant of that meaning when jùu functions as a grammatical aspect marker. Consequently, the grammaticalized viewpoint-aspect marker jùu conveys the meaning that there exists a static or dynamic situation on the time line at the reference time or the speech-act time.

scholarly journals Inchoative Aspect Marker "Qilai2" in Mandarin Chinese

2010 ◽  
Vol null (28) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
신경미
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Aspect Marker

Systematic repetition of the first person singular pronoun wo in Mandarin conversation

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
First Person ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Interactive Strategies ◽  
Single Speaker ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mandarin Conversation

While repetition was once thought to be “just a marker of a ‘disfluent’ or ‘sloppy’ speaker,” it has been increasingly recognized as a “human social activity, clearly part of our everyday conduct or behavior” (Schegloff 1987). The present study, using video recorded natural conversation data, aims to describe ways in which native speakers of Mandarin Chinese employ repetition of the first person pronoun wo for interactional moves. Repetition of wo is analyzed in conjunction with other interactive strategies, such as syntactic features, phonological features, pragmatic features, gesture, self-grooming, and gaze, as a way to organize and negotiate stances toward the proposition expressed and the co-participants and at the same time to enable intersubjectivity. By showing that within the speech of a single speaker pronominal repetition acts as a stance marker, this paper provides a new perspective on Chinese pronominal use and enriches our understanding of the functions of “disfluent” language in general.

What makes up a reportable event in a language? Motion events as an important test domain in linguistic typology

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1659-1700
Author(s):  
Christiane von Stutterheim ◽  
Johannes Gerwien ◽  
Abassia Bouhaous ◽  
Mary Carroll ◽  
Monique Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Naturalistic Scenes ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
Tunisian Arabic ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractNumerous crosslinguistic studies on motion events have been carried out in investigating the scope of the two-fold typology “path versus manner” (Talmy 1985, 2000) and its possible implications. This typological contrast is too narrow as it stands, however, to account for the diversity found both within and across types. The present study is based on what can be termed a process-oriented perspective. It includes the analyses of all relevant conceptual domains notably the domain of temporality, in addition to space, and thus goes beyond previous studies. The languages studied differ typologically as follows: path is typically expressed in the verb in French and Tunisian Arabic in contrast to manner of motion in English and German, while in the temporal domain aspect is expressed grammatically in English and Tunisian Arabic but not in German and French. The study compares the representations which speakers construct when forming a reportable event as a response to video clips showing a series of naturalistic scenes in which an entity moves through space. The analysis includes the following conceptual categories: (1) the privileged event layer (manner vs. path) which drives the selection of breakpoints in the formation of event units when processing the visual input; (2) the privileged category in spatial framing (figure-based/ground-based) and (3) viewpoint aspect (phasal decomposition or not). We assume that each of these three cognitive categories is shaped specifically by language structure (both system and repertoire) and language use (frequency of constructions). The findings reveal systematic differences both across, as well as within, typologically related languages with respect to (1) the basic event type encoded, (2) the changes in quality expressed, (3) the total number of path segments encoded per situation, and (4) the number of path segments packaged into one utterance. The findings reveal what can be termed language-specific default settings along each of the conceptual dimensions and their interrelations which function as language specific attentional templates.

scholarly journals Processing Aspectual Agreement in an Inflexionless Language: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Yuxin Hao ◽  
Xun Duan ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Aspect Markers

This is a study of the collocation of Chinese verbs with different lexical aspects and aspect markers. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we explored the processing of aspect violation sentences. In the experiment, we combined verbs of various lexical aspect types with the progressive aspect marker zhe, and the combination of the achievement verbs and the progressive aspect marker zhe constituted the sentence’s aspect violation. The participants needed to judge whether a sentence was correct after it was presented. Finally, we observed and analyzed the components of ERPs. The results suggest that when the collocation of aspect markers and lexical aspect is ungrammatical, the N400-like and P600 are elicited on aspect markers, while the late AN is elicited by the word after the aspect marker. P600 and N400-like show that the collocation of Chinese verbs with various lexical aspects and aspect markers involve not only syntactic processing, but also the semantic processing; and the late AN may have been due to the syntax revision and the conclusion at the end of sentences.

scholarly journals Translation Technique Features of the Old Croatian Bull to the Pauline Order from 1371

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Viacheslav V. Kozak ◽  
◽  
Anastasia L. Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saint Paul ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The study deals with lexical and syntactic features of the Pope Gregory XI’s consistorial bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit, written in Avignon in 1371 and translated from Latin into Old Croatian (Čakavian). The focus is on the degree of consciousness of the translator’s work, which does not imply a word for word (or even morpheme for morpheme) translation, but rather work with the semantics of the original text and careful selection of language elements. The analyzed examples demonstrate 1) variability of translation of lexemes and syntactic constructions (cf. for example, Latin persona ‘person’ and Old Croatian prelat ‘prelate’, stroitelь ‘administrator; abbot, prior, superior’ and oblastnik ‘administrator, governor’); 2) generalization of meaning of Latin lexemes (cf. for example, Latin antistes ‘bishop, abbot or prior’, episcopus ‘bishop’ and pontifex ‘pontiff’ and Old Croatian biskup ‘bishop’); 3) possibility of translating Latin tokens with phrases (cf., for example, Latin cum usuagiis ‘with the right to use the forest’ and Old Croatian z d’rêvi plodovitimi i neplod’nimi ‘with fruit-bearing and non-fruit-bearing trees’). In general, the translation technique of the bull is characterized by a conscious work with the original text at the level of its semantics and genre.

Passive constructions in English and Chinese

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Xiao ◽  
Tony McEnery ◽  
Yufang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
British English ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Corpus Data

This article combines the corpus-based and contrastive approaches, seeking to provide a systematic account of passive constructions in two typologically distinct languages, namely British English and Mandarin Chinese. We will first explore, on the basis of written and spoken corpus data, a range of characteristics of passives in the two languages including various passive constructions, long vs. short passives, semantic, pragmatic and syntactic features as well as genre variations. On the basis of this exploration, passive constructions in the two languages are contrasted in a structured way. Methodologically, this study demonstrates that comparable monolingual corpora can be exploited fruitfully in contrastive linguistics.

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