scholarly journals Effects of different extraction methods on the extraction yield, degradation of bixin and formation of harmful volatile compounds in the extracts from annatto seeds

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
H.V. Chuyen ◽  
J.B. Eun
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Extraction Processes

Annatto is one of the most common natural colorants used in the food industry. However, the degradation of bixin (principle colour component) during the manufacturing and storage of annatto leads to the formation of undesirable volatile compounds which are harmful to human health. The aim of this study was to reduce the amount of undesirable volatile compounds while remain a sufficient extraction yield of bixin in annatto extracts. Bixin from annatto seeds was extracted using soybean oil at 120°C, sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C and acetone with a Soxhlet extractor. The extraction yield and the degradation of bixin in annatto extracts during the extraction processes were investigated and the formation of harmful volatile compounds including toluene and m-xylene in the extracts was analysed using a gas chromatography (GC) system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The extraction with acetone resulted in the highest bixin yield, followed by extraction with sodium hydroxide. Bixin extraction yield of the extraction with soybean oil was the lowest and decreased gradually after 40 mins of the extraction. Losses of bixin by the extractions with acetone and sodium hydroxide were low while the extraction with soybean oil caused significant degradation of bixin. All three methods produced negligible amounts of toluene. However, the concentration of m-xylene in the acetone extracts was very high and remained unchanged during the extraction while sodium hydroxide extract contained a low level of this compound. Thus, the extraction method using sodium hydroxide solution is recommended for recovering pigment from annatto seeds to minimize the risk of harmful volatile compounds in annatto products.

scholarly journals Effects of different extraction methods on the recovery yield of bixin from annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Chuyen V. Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Bixa Orellana ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Mild Temperature

Bixin is a principal color component of annatto pigment which is obtained from the seed coat of Bixa orellana L., a tropical shrub. The extraction yield of bixin from annatto seeds using acetone, soybean oil and sodium hydroxide solution with different extraction conditions were investigated in this study. The extraction time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio and light exposure showed significant effects on the bixin yield. The extraction using soybean oil had the lowest bixin yield followed by the extraction using sodium hydroxide solution. The extraction using acetone resulted in the highest extraction yield (68.1%) after only 40 min. The extraction using soybean oil at 100oC led to two-fold bixin yield compared to that operated at 80oC while the mild temperature (50oC) was found to be the most suitable for the extraction using sodium hydroxide solution. The exclusion of light exposure by covering extraction beakers with aluminum foil could significantly improve the bixin extraction yield due to the reduction in bixin degradation. Therefore, the extraction using acetone avoiding light exposure is suggested for recovering bixin from annatto seeds.

Extraktionen von Ginsenosiden aus Ginseng-Wurzeln mit flüssigem Ammoniak, Methanol-Wasser oder Wasser/ Extractions of Ginsenosidesj from Ginseng Roots with Liquid Ammonia, Methanol-Water or Water

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Cho ◽  
Eberhard Hohaus ◽  
Axel Lehnen ◽  
Harro Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Extractions of ginsenosides from ginseng roots with liquid ammonia, methanol/water (60:40; v/v) or water were carried out. The extracts have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to valuate yield and selectivity of extractions of ginsenosides. Water supplied the lowest yield. The yields of extracts with liquid ammonia were higher than those with m ethanol-water (60%). Yields of the ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by extracting with liquid ammonia are about twice as much as those of the extraction with methanol-water (60%). It was proved by HPLC that malonyl-ginsenosides m -Rb1 m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd were converted to the corresponding neutral ginsenosides by extraction with liquid ammonia. Because of high yields of extracts and simultaneous increase of the contents of Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd the extraction with liquid ammonia is obviously superior to the other extraction methods. Furtherm ore, ginsenosides from ginseng roots were extracted by alkaline methanol-water (60%) solutions. Alternatively, the extracts of the methanol-water (60%) extraction were treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Both methods convert also the malonyl-ginsenosides to neutral ginsenosides

The preparation of sodium 4-Amino-3-nitro-benzenesulfonate and some related compounds

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rosevear ◽  
JFK Wilshire
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Nitro Group ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Dilute Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Related Compounds

The sodium salt of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (O-nitroaniline-p-sulfonic acid) has been prepared by the action of dilute sodium hydroxide solution on ethyl [(4-chlorosulfonyl-2-nitro)- phenyllcarbamate. Central to this synthesis is the finding that the N-ethoxycarbonyl group, when located ortho to a nitro group (but not to a bromo group), is readily removed by dilute sodium hydroxide solution.

Kinetics and leaching behaviors of aluminum from pharmaceutical blisters in sodium hydroxide solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 4545-4550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-qing Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Guo-hua Gu ◽  
Jian-gang Fu ◽  
You-nian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Esophagus in a Patient who Attempted Suicide by Swallowing Sodium Hydroxide Solution -Utility of DP Flap -

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (Supplement94) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Fujiyoshi ◽  
Hiroyuki Masuda ◽  
Tokuji Nishinaka ◽  
Tetsuo Futami ◽  
Hiromi Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution
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