scholarly journals The Future of Community Responsibility

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The Future ◽  
Community Responsibility ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
International Instruments

This paper considers the future of community responsibility – the central philosophical principle of the 1967 Report of the Royal Commission concerning compensation for personal injury in New Zealand (the Woodhouse Report). Central to the Report was the advancement of earnings-related benefits free of all income or means test. Community responsibility was developed by the Royal Commission as the entire basis and principle for its recommendations. This principle has been traced to international instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Australian Woodhouse report proposed a similar version of the principle but the response in the two countries differed. In Australia it was argued that collective responsibility would be the death of individualism whereas in New Zealand the principle was never really attacked and was not seen as alien to the country's culture. A problem with the notion of community responsibility in both reports is that it is difficult to see how to limit it. In New Zealand the responsibility was restricted to injuries and not extended to sickness, which creates glaring social inequalities and discrimination. However it seems unlikely that this situation will change in the immediate future because of the lack of public disquiet about the issue. In the future, policy in the area may be affected by human rights norms which conflict with the current situation where eligibility for support is based on the manner in which the disability was acquired.

scholarly journals Solo Parents: Mother-Work and/or Other Work? Libreal, Conservative and Solidaristic Policies

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Briar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Community Responsibility ◽  
Policy Direction

In recent years, New Zealand has been following the American lead in expecting solo parents (in practice mainly mothers) to move off state benefits and rely upon a combination of their own earnings from paid employment plus contributions from the absent parent. However; whilst this policy direction is fast becoming the greater norm in the 'residual' welfare states of the English speaking nations, there are greater variations in Europe. For the purposes of this paper, three broad classifications in welfare policy towards mothers are used: liberal (prioritising individual responsibility), conservative (a focus on family and community responsibility) and solidaristic (state/collective responsibility). These are of course 'ideal types', and the welfare policies of all nations examined contain elements of all three approaches to welfare. The paper assesses the extent to which each of these approaches provides solo mothers with genuine options regarding paid I unpaid work, and freedom from poverty.

scholarly journals United Nations Contributions to Promoting Human Rights in the DPRK: Impetus for Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-137
Author(s):  
Jina Choi ◽  
Brendan Howe
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
North Korea ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Policy Prescription ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Promising Avenue

The United Nations (UN) has been the key contributor to the diffusion of human rights norms and practices in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). The process of promoting human rights in the DPRK has been beset with challenges. The UN has had to steer its way through a complex web of international politics in order consistently to apply pressure on Pyongyang to amend its human rights norm-violating behavior. While achievements to date have been limited, this paper identifies the processes of socialization rather than coercion or inducements, as constituting the most promising avenue for the UN to impact North Korean governance. The paper will examine the evolution of UN socialization efforts in the DPRK to date, including how and under what mechanisms or conditions, socialization occurred, and what progress has been made by UN socialization dynamics. Although the progress so far may have been limited at best, what has been achieved merits greater scholarly attention, in order to derive implications for future policy prescription with regard to promoting human rights in North Korea and beyond.

Part I The UNDRIP’s Relationship to Existing International Law, Ch.3 Relationship to Human Rights, and Related International Instruments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scheinin Martin ◽  
Åhrén Mattias
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
United Nations Declaration ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
International Instruments

This chapter analyses how the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) fits within the broader picture of international legal instruments, with specific reference to related human rights norms. In many respects, the general approach the UNDRIP takes towards indigenous rights is natural. Largely from the very day indigenous peoples' representatives started to address the UN in order to claim recognition of and respect for their rights, the focus of such claims has been on allowing indigenous peoples the possibility to preserve, maintain, and develop their own distinct societies, existing side by side with the majority society. In other words, political rights — or sovereign rights — have always been at the forefront of the indigenous rights regime. In that way, indigenous peoples' rights distinguish themselves from those that apply to minority groups that are primarily individual rights. Thus, when placing emphasis on peoples' rights, the UNDRIP follows in the tradition of the indigenous rights discourse in general, as reflected in Article 3 of the Declaration.

The Future of International Security Norms

2018 ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Leslie Vinjamuri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
International Security ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Future ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Western Politics

Contemporary Western politics have led many to fear that the greatest threat to liberalism lies in a gradual weakening of norms integral to the liberal international order. In considering the future of international security norms, this chapter begins by examining the norms that have defined the post-Cold War era before turning to theoretical arguments about the sources of normative change and evolution. A key question for the future is whether the backlash against efforts to infuse security policies with human rights norms, the reluctance by states to enforce these norms, and the rise of new powers that do not embrace these norms will erode existing norms. This chapter will argue that the future depends upon the strategies deployed to unravel norms: the creation of new norms or adaption of existing norms in ways that create an alternative type of path dependence will be most consequential for existing norms.

scholarly journals Are Universal Human Rights Universal?

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Ildus Yarulin ◽  
Evgeny Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
Second World

One of the issues constantly discussed in the context of human rights is their assessment as universal or relative. International human rights norms are universal, which corresponds to the nature of human rights. The process of universalization of human rights began after the second world war with the creation of the United Nations, whose Charter declared its determination to reaffirm faith in the fundamental rights of the individual, in the equality of men and women and in the equality of nations large and small. These intentions of the organization were confirmed by the adoption of universal documents: the International Bill of Human Rights, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenants on Human Rights, opened for signature on December 16, 1966, and other acts. However, the problem lies in the fact that human rights recognized at the international level as universal and enshrined in international instruments, which must be respected by all and everywhere, lose the signs and qualities of universality under the influence of various socio-cultural, national traditions and customs, religious and other factors, and acquire the meaning or status of relative ones.

scholarly journals Prevention Strategies: New Departures A Union Perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Ross Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Employee Rights ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Community Responsibility

This paper provides a trade union perspective on the changes to the New Zealand statutory framework for injury prevention during the 1990s, in the context of the political, social and economic environment of the time, and the measures taken since the election of the Labour led government in 1999 to legislate employee rights, foster applied injury programmes on an industry basis, and to acknowledge injury prevention as a community responsibility. It concludes that these "new departures" are essentially those identified by the Woodhouse Royal Commission in 1967.

scholarly journals Contested externalisation: responses to global inequalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Faist
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
National Governments

AbstractWhat is new about contemporary remote control across borders? An important element is the reference to human rights norms by various political actors such as NGOs, migrant associations but also national governments, international organisations and an activist judiciary. It is evident that externalisation policies mirror stark power asymmetries of the global and regional political orders, and thus reflect social inequalities more generally. The contestation around externalized migration control has gone through several periods. Integral to an understanding of control are the practices of migrants themselves, how they seek to circumvent controls or even resist. Thinking further ahead, we may conceive of the border as a paradox, involving both connecting and separating humans and artefacts. Such an understanding of border allows for the possibility of coexistence; difference between two or more entities being a requirement. The border does not belong to either side. How to imagine such a type of border between states is a formidable challenge to social theory.

PASIFIKA FUTURES WHĀNAU ORA: F’INE – Nurturing the Future for Pasifika LGBTQI

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneta Manoa ◽  
Phylesha Brown-Acton ◽  
Tatryanna Utanga ◽  
Seini Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Future ◽  
Specific Provider

F’INE Aotearoa, through Pasifika Futures Whānau Ora programme, is supporting Pacific Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI) individuals and their families to transform their lives and achieve their aspirations.  The LGBTQI community in New Zealand experience significant disadvantage across a range of areas affecting wellbeing, including higher rates of poor mental health, depression and anxiety 1,2,3. For Pacific LGBTQI, the disadvantages are compounded further.  F’INE, an LGBTQI specific provider in New Zealand, is working to change this.

Reconciling Rights and Obligations

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 140-172
Author(s):  
Pernille Ironside
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Common Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Law System ◽  
Constitutional Legality ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Criminal Matters

This article examines the debate concerning the recent reinstatement of Shari`ah law with respect to criminal matters in Northern Nigeria. The discussion explores the inherent challenges in reconciling the equally entrenched and passionate views of pro-Shari`ah supporters on their right to freedom of religion with those that question its application in terms of human rights norms and obligations, and its constitutional legality. The analysis concludes that Shari`ah laws can coexist with Nigeria’s common law system and remain relevant in the context of Islam, provided that its principles are adapted and modernized to comport with international standards for due process and are interpreted and applied consistently.

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