scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges for deep constraint languages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Atkinson ◽  
R Gerbig ◽  
Thomas Kuehne
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Constraint Language ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Constraint Languages

Structural models are often augmented with additional well-formedness constraints to rule out unwanted configurations of instances. These constraints are usually written in dedicated constraint languages specifically tailored to the conceptual framework of the host modeling language, the most well-known example being the OCL constraint language for the UML. Many multi-level modeling languages, however, have no such associated constraint language. Simply adopting the OCL for such multi-level languages is not a complete strategy, though, as the OCL was designed to support the UML's two-level class/instance dichotomy, i.e., it can only define constraints which restrict the properties of the immediate instances of classes, but not beyond. The OCL would consequently not be able to support the definition of deep constraints that target remote or even multiple classification levels. In fact, no existing constraint language can address the full range of concerns that may occur in deep modeling using the Orthogonal Classification Architecture (OCA) as an infrastructure. In this paper we consider what these concerns might be and discuss the syntactical and pragmatic issues involved in providing full support for them in deep modeling environments.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges for deep constraint languages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Atkinson ◽  
R Gerbig ◽  
Thomas Kuehne
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Constraint Language ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Constraint Languages

Structural models are often augmented with additional well-formedness constraints to rule out unwanted configurations of instances. These constraints are usually written in dedicated constraint languages specifically tailored to the conceptual framework of the host modeling language, the most well-known example being the OCL constraint language for the UML. Many multi-level modeling languages, however, have no such associated constraint language. Simply adopting the OCL for such multi-level languages is not a complete strategy, though, as the OCL was designed to support the UML's two-level class/instance dichotomy, i.e., it can only define constraints which restrict the properties of the immediate instances of classes, but not beyond. The OCL would consequently not be able to support the definition of deep constraints that target remote or even multiple classification levels. In fact, no existing constraint language can address the full range of concerns that may occur in deep modeling using the Orthogonal Classification Architecture (OCA) as an infrastructure. In this paper we consider what these concerns might be and discuss the syntactical and pragmatic issues involved in providing full support for them in deep modeling environments.

Graphical Modeling of Security Goals and Software Vulnerabilities

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
David Byers ◽  
Nahid Shahmehri
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Graphical Modeling ◽  
Software Vulnerabilities ◽  
Attack Trees ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sheer Number

Security has become recognized as a critical aspect of software development, leading to the development of various security-enhancing techniques, many of which use some kind of custom modeling language. Models in different languages cannot readily be related to each other, which is an obstacle to using several techniques together. The sheer number of languages is, in itself, also an obstacle to adoption by developers. The authors have developed a modeling language that can be used in place of four existing modeling languages: attack trees, vulnerability cause graphs, security activity graphs, and security goal indicator trees. Models in the new language can be transformed to and from the earlier language, and a precise definition of model semantics enables an even wider range of applications, such as testing and static analysis. This chapter explores this new language.

The Whole-Part Relationship in the Unified Modeling Language

2001 ◽  
pp. 186-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Barbier ◽  
Brian Henderson-Sellers ◽  
Andreas L. Opdahl ◽  
Martin Gogolla
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Object Constraint Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Constraint Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Uml Metamodel ◽  
The Way

This study of the semantics of the Whole-Part relationship in OO modeling is based upon, extends and, specifically, formalizes earlier analyses of the semantics of UML’s Aggregation and Composition (white and black diamonds, also called shared aggregation and composite aggregation). Although UML is nowadays regarded as a standard and is widely used as an OO modeling language, the way the Whole-Part relationship is formalized is unsatisfactory. Here, we provide a rigorous specification of various forms of the Whole-Part relationship using OCL (Object Constraint Language). The first part of the specification is based on the differentiation between primary characteristics (applicable to all Whole-Part relationships) assigned to a new Whole-Part metatype in the UML and secondary features, which are possessed by subtypes of this metatype and permit the representation of several “flavors” of the Whole-Part relationship. This UML-compliant style of specification, based on the use of OCL as well as metamodeling, allows us to directly incorporate our results into the UML metamodel, in particular revising UML’s definition of Composition.

Analyzing Inconsistencies in UML/OCL Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Przigoda ◽  
Robert Wille ◽  
Rolf Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Object Constraint Language ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Constraint Language ◽  
Abstract Description

Modeling languages such as the unified modeling language (UML) or the systems modeling language (SysML) in combination with constraint languages such as the object constraint language (OCL) allows for an abstract description of a system prior to its implementation. But the resulting system models can be highly non-trivial and, hence, errors in the descriptions can easily arise. In particular, too strong restrictions leading to an inconsistent model are common. Motivated by this, researchers and engineers developed methods for the validation and verification of given formal models. However, while these methods are efficient to detect the existence of an inconsistency, the designer is usually left alone to identify the reasons for it. In this contribution, we propose an automatic method which efficiently determines reasons explaining the contradiction in an inconsistent UML/OCL model. For this purpose, all constraints causing the contradiction are comprehensibly analyzed. By this, the designer is aided during the debugging of his/her model.

scholarly journals Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Lara ◽  
Esther Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractModelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by instantiating those meta-models. Multi-level modelling generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level modelling is the definition of language families that can be specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This enables an open set of variability options given by all possible specializations of the language family. However, multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express closed variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness, enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is implemented atop the MetaDepth multi-level modelling tool.

scholarly journals A Tabu List-Based Algorithm for Capacitated Multilevel Lot-Sizing with Alternate Bills of Materials and Co-Production Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Romero-Conrado ◽  
Jairo Coronado-Hernandez ◽  
Gregorio Rius-Sorolla ◽  
José García-Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Material Requirements Planning ◽  
Tabu List ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Lot Sizes ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of lot sizes represents one of the most important decisions in production planning. Lot-sizing turns into an increasingly complex set of decisions that requires efficient solution approaches, in response to the time-consuming exact methods (LP, MIP). This paper aims to propose a Tabu list-based algorithm (TLBA) as an alternative to the Generic Materials and Operations Planning (GMOP) model. The algorithm considers a multi-level, multi-item planning structure. It is initialized using a lot-for-lot (LxL) method and candidate solutions are evaluated through an iterative Material Requirements Planning (MRP) procedure. Three different sizes of test instances are defined and better results are obtained in the large and medium-size problems, with minimum average gaps close to 10.5%.

scholarly journals Rewiry metafory. Między ozdobą dyskursu a zwierciadłem duszy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Popek
Keyword(s):  
Donald Davidson ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gottlob Frege ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Rule Out

The purpose of the text is to make some reconnaissance in the area of title "districts of metaphor" (or hunting grounds of metaphor) as well as reference to the unsolvable problems which are implied by a metaphorical mystery of metaphysical expressions. Thy are the order of the day in the main currents of philosophy. Starting from the rhetorical tradition of metaphor (the Aristotelian attempts of definition of metaphor as such) and of terms additional related with it (Max Black), I gradually illustrate what involves its post-rhetorical tradition. I show that philosophical symbolism derives from Aristotle’s hermeneutics, which becomes a gateway for understanding the mystery of metaphor. Like browsing in themselves mirrors, it grows also from simple phrases in complex sentences. In semantic sense, while the symbol has many meanings, the metaphor has a double meaning. It is not however limited by this matter, because in some sense, it has broader content than a symbol, as it introduces into language meanings that in the symbol are only internal (Paul Ricoeur). We also encounter reflective metaphors in our everyday speech and in the attempts of associative penetration into other people's expression. Conceptual decoding of metaphors is common for users of language (George Lakoff, Mark Johnson). On the other hand, there are specific districts of metaphorical expressions, which are reserved for poetic metaphors (Donald Davidson). Noteworthy are also the very unobvious contexts of metaphor in which the authors do not talk about this linguistic phenomenon directly (eg. Gottlob Frege, Ernst Cassirer). Declarative answer to the question whether the metaphor is a simply ornament of discourse or rather a mirror of the soul, is not possible too. Perhaps the metaphor as such includes the both variants. One must consider that being an ornament of speech or writing does not rule out it is also something more than just decoration. It wonders, bothers, disquiet, returning us into our souls. It is also like the unifying soul of all people – in cognitive sense.

scholarly journals The Syntax of a Multi-Level Production Process Modeling Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Vještica ◽  
Vladimir Dimitrieski ◽  
Milan Pisarić ◽  
Slavica Kordić ◽  
Sonja Ristić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Production

scholarly journals ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SIMPLIFYING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Andriy Vorobey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Police

The article deals with the problematic issues of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, under investigation by the units of the National Police of Ukraine, have not been studied in the scientific literature. The author of the article points out the problems of the legal status of a head of an inquest body, the author's definition of this term is given and proposed changes to the current criminal procedural legislation, which should eliminate legal gaps. Considered the inconsistencies of the current criminal procedural legislation in terms of regulating the order of attachment for seizure of the property during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. Analyzed judicial practice on this issue and proposed changes to legislation according to the needs of practice. The drawbacks are noted in establishing the terms of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, which are caused by the need to conduct psychiatric and other forensic examinations, it is proposed to provide in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine for an inquiry period of 2 months from the moment a person is informed of suspicion. The author's specified legal inconsistencies in the issue of regulating the conduct of a search during an inquiry, it is indicated that there is a need to standardize Articles 234–236 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Due to fact that the activities of the inquest bodies of the National Police of Ukraine are noticeably inefficient, it is proposed to introduce a shortened inquiry procedure in order to implement the principle of economy in the criminal process and saving resources used during the pre-trial investigation.The current procedural form of criminal investigation in Ukraine provides for the need to conduct a full range of investigative and procedural actions in a short time, even for obvious criminal offenses, when the suspect unequivocally pleads guilty and compensates for the damage, which has negative consequences. The introduction of an abbreviated procedure for inquiry is possible only for a clearly defined range of criminal offenses, the legislation must approve guarantees to ensure the rights of suspects from law enforcement abuses and the criteria under which an abbreviated form of inquiry is impossible. The study of the possibility of implementing an abbreviated order of inquiry is of practical importance and is an important area for further study.

scholarly journals Family Perspectives on a Successful Transition to Adulthood for Individuals With Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Henninger ◽  
Julie Lounds Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Family Perspectives ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract When researchers evaluate adult outcomes for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD), the perspective of families is not always considered. Parents of individuals with IDD (N  =  198) answered an online survey about their definition of a successful transition to adulthood. Content analysis was used to describe themes and ideas present in the responses. Rather than focusing only on developmental tasks of adulthood, such as living independently, being competitively employed, and maintaining friendships, responses reflected a more varied and dynamic view of success in adulthood, taking into account the fit between the person with IDD and his or her environment. As services are developed and implemented for adults with IDD, it is important to consider the full range of goals that families have for their son or daughter's successful transition to adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document