scholarly journals Settling Treaty Claims: The Formation of Policy on Treaty of Waitangi Claims in the Pioneering Years, 1988-1998

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Therese Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Key Aspects

<p>For the past quarter-century the New Zealand government has negotiated with Māori groupings to find ways of compensating for the Crown’s historical breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi. The negotiations take place between mandated claimant negotiators and officials who represent the executive arm of government; the resultant settlements are then endorsed by legislation that declares them to be ‘full and final’ resolutions of historical grievances. This thesis analyses the way New Zealand governments conceived, introduced and implemented policies to address the claims during the pioneering years 1988–1998. The foundational policies worked out in this decade bedded-in the Treaty claims settlement processes which are now nearing their end. Through examining official archives, the thesis finds that these processes initially emerged as policy-driven responses to a combination of factors, such as the broad context of the ‘Māori Renaissance’, social shifts in understanding the past, legal cases and political pressure from iwi.  The thesis goes on to explore several years of experimental negotiations and policy formulation which culminated in the Crown’s presentation in 1994 of both a suite of draft policies intended to offer a comprehensive approach to the negotiations process and a notional quantum of $1 billion to settle all historical claims (the ‘fiscal envelope’). It demonstrates that while this package was introduced to shape and contain the emergent settlement mechanisms and their outcomes, policies continued to be modified in highly significant ways. The major settlements negotiated with Waikato-Tainui and Ngāi Tahu, in particular, led to new developments which established the broad shapes of Treaty settlements, and key aspects of them, from the end of the twentieth century onwards.  Over 1988–1998, then, the Treaty settlements process transitioned from ad-hoc development of policies and arrangements into an entrenched system, yet one that was flexible enough to change in the course of negotiations with new claimant groups.</p>

scholarly journals Settling Treaty Claims: The Formation of Policy on Treaty of Waitangi Claims in the Pioneering Years, 1988-1998

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Therese Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Key Aspects

<p>For the past quarter-century the New Zealand government has negotiated with Māori groupings to find ways of compensating for the Crown’s historical breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi. The negotiations take place between mandated claimant negotiators and officials who represent the executive arm of government; the resultant settlements are then endorsed by legislation that declares them to be ‘full and final’ resolutions of historical grievances. This thesis analyses the way New Zealand governments conceived, introduced and implemented policies to address the claims during the pioneering years 1988–1998. The foundational policies worked out in this decade bedded-in the Treaty claims settlement processes which are now nearing their end. Through examining official archives, the thesis finds that these processes initially emerged as policy-driven responses to a combination of factors, such as the broad context of the ‘Māori Renaissance’, social shifts in understanding the past, legal cases and political pressure from iwi.  The thesis goes on to explore several years of experimental negotiations and policy formulation which culminated in the Crown’s presentation in 1994 of both a suite of draft policies intended to offer a comprehensive approach to the negotiations process and a notional quantum of $1 billion to settle all historical claims (the ‘fiscal envelope’). It demonstrates that while this package was introduced to shape and contain the emergent settlement mechanisms and their outcomes, policies continued to be modified in highly significant ways. The major settlements negotiated with Waikato-Tainui and Ngāi Tahu, in particular, led to new developments which established the broad shapes of Treaty settlements, and key aspects of them, from the end of the twentieth century onwards.  Over 1988–1998, then, the Treaty settlements process transitioned from ad-hoc development of policies and arrangements into an entrenched system, yet one that was flexible enough to change in the course of negotiations with new claimant groups.</p>

scholarly journals History and the Treaty of Waitangi Settlement Process

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Introductory Review

For the past quarter of a century the New Zealand government has actively sought to negotiate and settle historical Treaty claims, and it is anticipated that the vast majority of these historical claims will be settled by 2017. The negotiation of a claim culminates in a deed of settlement signed by a Māori claimant group and the Crown, which signals the resolution of all historical grievances between a Māori claimant group and the Crown. This article offers an introductory review of the Treaty of Waitangi negotiation and settlement process and the role of historical research. Much of the work done by historians remains hidden from view and is not easily analysed, but the Crown apology is an exception: it is a tangible, publicly available outcome of the process of negotiations between a particular Māori claimant group and the Crown. In conclusion, the article provides some preliminary discussion on the role of public education in relation to Treaty of Waitangi claims negotiations and suggests that greater attention to the Crown apology would enhance public understanding.

Current Practice of Neurofeedback: Where We Are and How We Got There

Biofeedback ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Lynda Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Continuous Performance Testing

This article tracks the evolution of the practice of neurofeedback over the past quarter century from the perspective of services offered at a private clinic. It describes why and how the authors changed their practices from interventions including medication, psychotherapy, and tutoring to biofeedback interventions. Their evolving practices required complex assessments including single- and two-channel quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) and later 19-channel QEEG combined with evoked potentials, heart rate variability, continuous performance testing, and neuropsychological assessment. The article stresses that interventions require a multimodal approach. The neuroanatomical rationale for combining neurofeedback and heart rate variability (HRV) training is provided as well as a discussion of how a systems theory of neural synergy helps explain how neurofeedback influences brain networks. Assessment procedures are described in some detail because that information is used to develop effective interventions that typically combine neurofeedback (single-channel or LORETA Z-score neurofeedback, as indicated) with HRV training. The authors stress using evidence-based approaches, basing intervention on assessment, and keeping current with new developments in applied neuroscience.

scholarly journals Biculturalism in education: Haere whakamua, hoki whakamuri/Going forward, thinking back

Teachers Work ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Megan Lourie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Accepted Part ◽  
Policy Texts

While references to the Treaty of Waitangi and/or biculturalism are an accepted part of the New Zealand education policy landscape, there is often a lack of consensus around the meaning, and therefore the practice implications, of the term ‘biculturalism’. This difficulty can be explained by viewing biculturalism as an ideology that has continued to evolve since its emergence in the 1980s. In policy texts older understandings of the term are overlaid with more recent understandings and can contribute to uncertainty about what the term means to teachers in 2015. This is particularly challenging for teachers and school leaders as they attempt to negotiate the requirements of the Practising Teacher Criteria. This suggests that there is a need to continue engaging in discussion about the meaning of biculturalism in education in the present, looking forward, but informed by the past.

scholarly journals Where modern macroeconomics went wrong

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Dsge Models ◽  
Representative Agent ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Behaviour ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract This paper provides a critique of the DSGE models that have come to dominate macroeconomics during the past quarter-century. It argues that at the heart of the failure were the wrong microfoundations, which failed to incorporate key aspects of economic behaviour, e.g. incorporating insights from information economics and behavioural economics. Inadequate modelling of the financial sector meant they were ill-suited for predicting or responding to a financial crisis; and a reliance on representative agent models meant they were ill-suited for analysing either the role of distribution in fluctuations and crises or the consequences of fluctuations on inequality. The paper proposes alternative benchmark models that may be more useful both in understanding deep downturns and responding to them.

scholarly journals Approaches in Intelligent Music Production

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moffat ◽  
Mark B. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Music Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Key Aspects

Music production technology has made few advancements over the past few decades. State-of-the-art approaches are based on traditional studio paradigms with new developments primarily focusing on digital modelling of analog equipment. Intelligent music production (IMP) is the approach of introducing some level of artificial intelligence into the space of music production, which has the ability to change the field considerably. There are a multitude of methods that intelligent systems can employ to analyse, interact with, and modify audio. Some systems interact and collaborate with human mix engineers, while others are purely black box autonomous systems, which are uninterpretable and challenging to work with. This article outlines a number of key decisions that need to be considered while producing an intelligent music production system, and identifies some of the assumptions and constraints of each of the various approaches. One of the key aspects to consider in any IMP system is how an individual will interact with the system, and to what extent they can consistently use any IMP tools. The other key aspects are how the target or goal of the system is created and defined, and the manner in which the system directly interacts with audio. The potential for IMP systems to produce new and interesting approaches for analysing and manipulating audio, both for the intended application and creative misappropriation, is considerable.

scholarly journals Preventing Accidents and Detecting Traffic Loads on Highways with V2v Communication in VANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5564-5567
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Algorithm ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Hoc Networks

Road safety became as fundamental problems to the governmental manufacturing of vehicles over the past quarter century. The aggregation of word's vehicles have undergone with amazing improvement, enhancing the activity of density and causing a lot of glitches. In this article, we highlighted the problems of detecting the load of traffic on motorways and suggested a system for detecting and preventing incidents on motorways utlizing ad-hoc networks for vehicles. To do this, we implement a vehicle 2 vehicle connecting scenario using a Weighted Cluster Algorithm (WCA) and calculate the power based on various network parameters. The daily population increase in India is increasing, leading to a massive increase in road traffic. Improving new vehicle development has led organizations, specialists and foundations to concentrate their best to develop the safety of road, which is considered as a crucial thing today.(Panse, 2016)

Contemporary Russian cinema and its world contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Olga K. Reisen
Keyword(s):  
Magical Realism ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Spanish Cinema ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
Political Freedoms ◽  
Russian Cinema ◽  
New Drama

The author of the essay examines the main trends in contemporary Russian cinema, correlating them with similar manifestations in world cinema and, simultaneously, tracing the origins of these phenomena to the Soviet cinematic past. Thus, the essays section devoted to the analysis of manifestations of the Aesopian language in cinema, reveals models of the use of metaphors, symbolic allusions, etc., observed in the cinema of the socialist countries or in Spanish cinema under the Franco regime - as ways of countering censorship bans. In this context, it should be noted that these trends became firmly established in the cultures of the mentioned countries and have been preserved in them after the acquisition of political freedoms. The section entitled Utopian Realism vs New Sociality analyses the technique of combining slice-of-life approach with the magic tale canon, opened by American director Frank Capra and screenwriter Robert Riskin in the 1930s, known as utopian realism and widely employed in the Russian cinema of the past quarter century, in particular in the stage-to-screen trend of the New Drama. The essay also looks at forms and methods of the trend of magical realism typical of the turning points in the historical development of different countries and here exemplified by the cultures of Latin America and the Russian cinema of the 1990s. Further, the author analyses the adaptation of Hollywood genre clichs for Russian blockbusters, as well as a more frank representation of social realities in the context of new developments in the sphere of economy.

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