scholarly journals Strengthening Capacities Towards a Resilient Future: The case of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Tacloban City, Philippines after the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Theresa Castro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>This thesis explores the experiences, challenges, and roles of people who identify as sexual and gender minorities in the context of disaster risk reduction management and practices. In recent decades, national and international institutions have exerted substantial efforts to reduce disaster risk and strengthen disaster management. In response to the increasing number and magnitude of weather events and climate impacts worldwide, this thesis takes into consideration the significance of equity and inclusion in different stages of disaster risk reduction management (DRRM). It focuses particularly on recovery and rehabilitation activities that can build resilience towards disasters.  As a case study, it investigates the post-disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts carried out in Tacloban City after the wrath of Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Typhoon Yolanda, in November 2013. The tropical storm left thousands of casualties, with millions of people homeless and/or displaced, forcing them to live in a temporary or permanent shelter. The research approach was transformative and informed by principles of participatory action research. The methodology followed the appreciative inquiry process of the 4 D’s - Discovery, Dream, Design, Destiny. This approach was strength-based and involved working with local, community organisations and government officials. Data were collected using key-informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (including some participatory techniques), and a structured survey of residents in the city and permanent shelters. These data were analysed using thematic analysis.  The study reveals how post-disaster interventions and strategies after Typhoon Haiyan reflected heterosexist assumptions, which undermined recovery and rehabilitation efforts. These assumptions, and the wider heteropatriarchal system of which they are a part, served to magnify some existing inequalities, vulnerabilities, and social exclusion based on gender and sexuality. This social system, however, also facilitated the development and/or realisation of endogenous skills and capacities of gender minorities. As such, they were able to take leadership roles and carry out recovery activities unavailable to heterosexual residents.  In light of this data, I argue that people who identify as sexual gender minorities are potentially a neglected resource in times of disaster and recovery. If their capabilities were recognised and integrated into DRRM policies and practice, efforts could be enhanced to promote recovery and resilience in hazard-affected communities. Additional work is also needed to challenge the wider system of heteropatriarchy outside of times of disaster to minimise further marginalisation of gender sexual minorities during post-disaster relief and rehabilitation. Overall, this research contributes towards the development of a shared understanding about how a community's capacities and/or strengths can be improved and utilized within disaster risk reduction management and practices by focusing on sexuality and gender.</p>

scholarly journals Strengthening Capacities Towards a Resilient Future: The case of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Tacloban City, Philippines after the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Theresa Castro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>This thesis explores the experiences, challenges, and roles of people who identify as sexual and gender minorities in the context of disaster risk reduction management and practices. In recent decades, national and international institutions have exerted substantial efforts to reduce disaster risk and strengthen disaster management. In response to the increasing number and magnitude of weather events and climate impacts worldwide, this thesis takes into consideration the significance of equity and inclusion in different stages of disaster risk reduction management (DRRM). It focuses particularly on recovery and rehabilitation activities that can build resilience towards disasters.  As a case study, it investigates the post-disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts carried out in Tacloban City after the wrath of Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Typhoon Yolanda, in November 2013. The tropical storm left thousands of casualties, with millions of people homeless and/or displaced, forcing them to live in a temporary or permanent shelter. The research approach was transformative and informed by principles of participatory action research. The methodology followed the appreciative inquiry process of the 4 D’s - Discovery, Dream, Design, Destiny. This approach was strength-based and involved working with local, community organisations and government officials. Data were collected using key-informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (including some participatory techniques), and a structured survey of residents in the city and permanent shelters. These data were analysed using thematic analysis.  The study reveals how post-disaster interventions and strategies after Typhoon Haiyan reflected heterosexist assumptions, which undermined recovery and rehabilitation efforts. These assumptions, and the wider heteropatriarchal system of which they are a part, served to magnify some existing inequalities, vulnerabilities, and social exclusion based on gender and sexuality. This social system, however, also facilitated the development and/or realisation of endogenous skills and capacities of gender minorities. As such, they were able to take leadership roles and carry out recovery activities unavailable to heterosexual residents.  In light of this data, I argue that people who identify as sexual gender minorities are potentially a neglected resource in times of disaster and recovery. If their capabilities were recognised and integrated into DRRM policies and practice, efforts could be enhanced to promote recovery and resilience in hazard-affected communities. Additional work is also needed to challenge the wider system of heteropatriarchy outside of times of disaster to minimise further marginalisation of gender sexual minorities during post-disaster relief and rehabilitation. Overall, this research contributes towards the development of a shared understanding about how a community's capacities and/or strengths can be improved and utilized within disaster risk reduction management and practices by focusing on sexuality and gender.</p>

scholarly journals From disaster relief to disaster risk reduction: a consideration of the evolving international relief mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
International Policies

Disaster risk reduction is an ever-growing concept and finds its application within various disciplines. This article investigates the development of disaster risk reduction and some of the most important aspects which shaped it. The early years of international disaster relief are discussed and it is shown how a change in this system was necessitated by a variety of factors and international disasters, which exposed its weakness. The article argues that disaster relief and development aid were inextricably linked and it is this linkage which provided a catalyst for questioning the manner in which relief, and development assistance, were provided. The later emphasis on disaster preparedness and management is discussed, and international policies and mechanisms, which contributed to a gradual shift in focus towards disaster risk reduction, enjoy attention. The article concludes that solutions to disaster risks lie within a rigorous trans- disciplinary focus.

scholarly journals Bladder Health Experiences, Perceptions and Knowledge of Sexual and Gender Minorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia T. Hardacker ◽  
Anna Baccellieri ◽  
Elizabeth R. Mueller ◽  
Linda Brubaker ◽  
Georgia Hutchins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Health Experiences ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
And Gender

While recent efforts have been made to understand the bladder health experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of cisgender adolescent females and women, virtually nothing is known about the bladder health experiences of people who identify as sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). A community-based participatory research approach using a focus group methodology to engage 36 adult participants who identify as SGM, including individuals who identify as gender non-conforming, queer, transgender (trans) men, or lesbian, in one of six focus group discussions on bladder health. Using directed content qualitative data analysis from the six unique focus groups, three interrelated themes were revealed: gender socialization of voiding behavior and toilet environment culture producing identity threats, and risks to gender affirmation; consequences of hetero-cis normative bathroom infrastructure necessitating adaptive voiding behaviors; and, physical and psychosocial consequences of chronic anxiety and fear are associated with voiding experiences. Insight on how SGMs navigate voiding behaviors, toilet experiences, and health care seeking is needed to assure that bladder health promotion activities are inclusive of this population’s needs.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Hamidazada ◽  
Ana Maria Cruz ◽  
Muneta Yokomatsu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies, our findings show that insufficient disaster education, inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre- and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in pre-disaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.

Promoting gender sensitivity: Disaster risk reduction in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Afsheen Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Bashir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
And Gender

Gender sensitization is a theory that a maximum number of policy analysts discover easy to implement, but very few perform well. The same can be said about disaster risk reduction. When these two concerns are put together to mainstream gender into disaster risk reduction (DRR), concerned organizations and experts find gaps in planning and implementation of policies. This is not because the job is integrally challenging; rather, there is not adequate practical guidance and pragmatic information. This paper aims to increase awareness about gender issues in disaster risk reduction, to improve government capability to address gender problems in DRR and to encourage Pakistan’s government to incorporate gender perception into DRR legislatures, strategies and plans for sustainable development. The importance of the Beijing Agenda for global action on gender sensitive DRR and the Manila Declaration for Global Action on gender in climate change and DRR have been highlighted, with the help of information from other developing countries, to develop a road map for Pakistan. Capacity development and gender-aware knowledge products are the two main areas with the help of which concerns regarding gender sensitivity can be addressed in disaster preparedness, recovery and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals KAPASITAS DAERAH BANJARNEGARA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA ALAM TANAH LONGSOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amni Zarkasyi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Hyogo Framework For Action

Capacity assessment is a parameter in determining the success of disaster risk reduction. The reference for the assessment of capacity in Indonesia is the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) agreed by 160 countries in disaster risk reduction efforts. The implementation of the HFA in Indonesia is ACT 24/2007 about the disaster relief. The capacity assessment was conducted to find out how disaster mitigation efforts in Banjarnegara by looking at disaster mitigation priorities. The purpose of this study was to describe the score capacity in disaster management and disaster risk reduction efforts.The results of this research is the capacity score disaster relief in the region reached 70.46% from 88 indicators so that fall into the category B. It means capacity in Banjarnegara district into disaster management can already be said either. From these results, the main concern is the basic risk factors reduce the efforts through the establishment of "Desa Tangguh Bencana".

scholarly journals The Port Alfred floods of 17–23 October 2012: A case of disaster (mis)management?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond M. Pyle ◽  
Tennielle L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Role Players

An intense cut-off low weather system, more commonly known regionally as a ‘black southeaster’, caused severe flooding in Port Alfred and the surrounding coastal areas from 17 to 23 October 2012. Unconfirmed reports of up to 700 mm of rainfall for the period were recorded. Damage caused by the flooding was estimated at R500 million. Eight deaths were recorded. The poorly maintained and ageing infrastructure and storm water systems could not withstand the floodwaters, and as a result, damage was worse than it should have been. Many houses, particularly in the surrounding townships and informal settlements, were destroyed. Disease threats arose, including cholera, diarrhoea and influenza. The South African Weather Service issued weather warnings of severe local flooding in the coastal areas of the Eastern Cape a few days before the flood event. Unfortunately, there was a delay in communicating the severe weather warning effectively to the public, relevant authorities and role-players by local disaster management officials. In addition, there was poor and ineffective local coordination of disaster response and relief efforts. This paper examines the 2012 flood event from both meteorological and disaster management perspectives, using a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. Findings point to a critical lack of coordination amongst the various role-players before, during and after the disaster. Recommendations for improved proactive and coordinated disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction for the region are made.Keywords: Port Alfred; cut-off lows; floods; disaster management; disaster risk reduction; early warning

Challenging Assumptions: What Do We Need to Address in Our Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor A. Codreanu ◽  
Hanh Ngo ◽  
Andrew Robertson ◽  
Antonio Celenza
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractIntroductionSpecific knowledge and skills are required, especially in the first 72 hours post-disaster, to bridge the time gap until essential services are restored and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) can focus on individuals’ needs. This study explores disaster knowledge and preparedness in the first 72 hours as a function of the individual’s engagement in discussions about disasters, and several other factors (both at personal and community/country level), as well as the entities/organizations perceived by the individual as being responsible for disaster risk reduction (DRR) education.MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional survey of 3,829 final-year high-school students was conducted in nine countries with different levels of disaster risk and economic development. Regression analyses examined the relationship between a 72-hour disaster preparedness composite outcome (ability to make water safe for drinking, knowledge of water potability, home evacuation skill, and improvising a safe room) and a series of independent predictors.ResultsRespondents from countries with lower economic development were significantly better prepared for the first 72 hours post-disaster than those from developed countries (OR=767.45; CI=13.75-48,822.94; P=.001). While several independent predictors showed a significant main effect, combined disaster risk education (DRE) efforts, as a partnership between school and local government, had the best predictive value (OR=3.52; CI=1.48-8.41; P=.005).ConclusionsDisaster preparedness in final-year high-school students is significantly better in developing countries. Further improvement requires a convergent effort in aligning the most effective educational policies and actions to best address the individual’s and the community needs.CodreanuTA, NgoH, RobertsonA, CelenzaA. Challenging assumptions: what do we need to address in our disaster risk reduction efforts?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):134–147.

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