scholarly journals Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Muhammed Danyal Khan ◽  
Serkan Kaya ◽  
Rao Imran Habib
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
State Level ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Civil Laws ◽  
Alternate Dispute Resolution ◽  
Developed Nations

Online Trading in Pakistan has been rising with every passing day. State level regulation for online trade is inevitable reality. Online trade has systematically entered in Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) System that is the format of Alternate Dispute Resolution System (ADR). Many multi-national vendors such as Amazon and Alibaba are using Online Dispute Resolution mechanism to make the trade efficient and less dependent on conventional remedial systems of Civil Laws and cumbersome procedures of classical courts. Online Trade in Pakistan is a novel idea and is flourishing by every passing day. On the same time, online trade faces issues of dispute resolution. This paper will aim at introducing Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a model through case studies of various developed nations and international framework. Moreover, this paper will identify the prospect and limitations of Online Dispute Resolution in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Złożenie skargi przez konsumenta za pośrednictwem ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – internetowego systemu rozstrzygania sporów

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Anna Rogacka-Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), as a non-judicial resolution of disputes, is a wide range of mechanisms that aim to put an end to a conflict without the need of conducting a trial before the court. On the other hand, the modern form of ADR is ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – an online dispute resolution system that is the expression of the newest means of communication and technical innovations in order to help in non-judicial dispute resolving. The goal of this publication is to present the ODR platform and, in particular, to describe the process of filing a complaint by the consumer by means of it.

From alternative dispute resolution to pluralist dispute resolution: towards an integrated dispute-resolution mechanism in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Zhiqiong June Wang ◽  
Jianfu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

AbstractSince 1978, we have observed the steady development of institutions, mechanisms and processes of dispute resolution in China. In the last ten years or so, we then noted frequent issuance of new rules and measures as well as revision of existing laws, the promotion of mediation as the preferred method for resolving disputes and, more recently, the promotion of an integrated dispute-resolution system as a national strategy for comprehensive social control (as well as for resolving disputes), in the name of reforming and strengthening ‘the Mechanism for Pluralist Dispute Resolution’. Careful examination of these latest developments suggests that fundamental changes are taking place that may potentially alter the course of the development of the Chinese dispute-resolution system. These developments are the focus of this paper with an aim to ascertain the nature of the developments and their future direction or directions.

Integrated Justice in Pakistan: From Legal Pluralism to Normative Convergence

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-820
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Sajjad Ali Khan ◽  
Shahab Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Court System ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Legal Legitimacy ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Alternate Dispute Resolution ◽  
Parting Ways

Legal pluralism, throughout most of developing countries, has been extant since the onset of colonial era. Manifested in a variety of forms, legal pluralism is inherently characterized by both promises as well as limitations. In Pakistan, legal pluralism is epitomized by the prevalence and functioning of parallel systems of justice such as formal courts and Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanism (ADRM), such as “Jirga. Poor coordination and tenuous enforcement mechanisms, however, render the formal justice system in Pakistan one of poorest performers in terms of judicial efficacy world-wide. This article seeks to explore the possibility of a convergence between traditional and modern models of dispute resolution, i.e. Jirga and court system and the resultant efficacy thereof through devising a conceptual framework. The framework reveals that both formal courts and Jirga demonstrate marked discrepancies concerning their efficacy with respect to the provision of justice and dispute resolution. Findings from the field, however, evince that Jirga stand out to be a relatively more effective mechanism of dispute resolution than formal courts. The conceptual framework, however, implies that by converging both systems it is possible to cope with the limitations of each of the two systems such that while courts could provide legal legitimacy to the Jirga by improving its decency and accountability through regulations, Jirga could enhance the legitimacy of courts by improving its accessibility and transparency through feedback mechanisms. The article concludes by way of arguing that instead of parting ways with each other, both courts and jirga shall seek to go hand in hand in order avoid delays in the  provision of justice.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Online Dispute Resolution: Effectiveness of Online Consumer Protection Guidelines

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kananke Chinthaka Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Consumer Electronic ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Models ◽  
Made In

Regulation of online dispute resolution (ODR) has become an important element in the conceptualisation of its role as an appropriate dispute resolution mechanism. Given the lack of specific legislation regarding ODR nationally and internationally, there is a growing tendency towards seeking appropriate regulatory models for its regulation in the ODR literature, international organisations, governments and the private sector. While recognising the valuable contributions made in all these fields, this article maps the regulatory approaches for ODR adopted by governments in the Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1999 and the Australian Guidelines for Electronic Commerce in 2006. In addition, the viability of the regulatory approaches of these instruments is explored in the context of online consumer arbitration used for the resolution of cross-border business-to-consumer electronic commerce disputes. In the course of the discussion, some insights on further improvements to these guidelines are also provided.

scholarly journals PRINSIP KEMANFAATAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TRANSAKSI PERDAGANGAN ELEKTRONIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ayudya Rizqi Rachmawati ◽  
Rahmadi Indra Tektona ◽  
Dyah Ochtorina Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

The research is motivated by the need for eff ective, effi cient and low-cost dispute resolution in dispute arising from electronic commerce transactions. That is because the implementation of electronic commerce transaction ha the characteristic of speed and ease, then it must also be accommodated in the process of settling the dispute. This study aims to analyze, and provide a description of the form of application principle of utilities in ODR as an alternative dispute resolution of electronic commerce user. The result of this normative legal research which uses statute and conseptual approach provide an explaination that online dispute resolution as an e-commerce alternative dispute resolution system trial has been in accordance with the principle of utilities, because to fulfi ll an element that there are in principle utilities in the analysis on law and economic.

scholarly journals Tax Disputes Resolution In Nigeria: Going Beyound The Traditional Court And Administrative Resolution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 236-252
Author(s):  
Peter Ademu Anyebe
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
High Court ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Tax Payers

It is the requirement of law that tax is paid. Therefore, the discharge of tax obligation in Nigeria is not by choice. In the process of the tax authorities who are authorized under the law to collect taxes from tax payers, disputes arise.  The paper reveals that in its bid to lessen the incidents of tax evasion in Nigeria, the Federal Government carried out a major reform in its tax regime. Thus, the Tax Appeal Tribunal (TAT) was established to ensure fairness and transparency of the tax system through a quick and efficient method of dispensing justice. Appeal from there lies to the Federal High Court on point of law. However, there is the unresolved problem of the constitutionality of TAT in its powers and jurisdiction in resolving tax disputes with Federal High Court (FHC).  Furthermore, the paper reveals that tax disputes are not arbitrable under Nigerian law. It is the argument of this paper that although the courts are recognized as the most visible dispute arbiter, it is not always the most effective or efficient method. Therefore, it is further the argument of this paper that Nigeria’s tax objection procedures as governed by statutory rules should incorporate Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism as practiced in other jurisdictions. The paper recommends that the necessary amendments should be made to enable TAT and FHC at their levels to encourage the use of early dispute resolution (EDR) and alternative dispute resolution (ADR), particularly mediation in the settlement of tax disputes brought before them. The introduction of VAIDS (Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme) by the Federal Government of Nigeria is in line with global best practices on non-disclosure of informal and declaration of assets. The paper concludes among others  that Nigeria, as a country cannot operate in isolation, hence the introduction of ADR in its tax dispute resolution processes should be imminent and mandatory.

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