Tree Species Diversity of the Remaining Forest Fragments in Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Cavite has remaining secondary lowland forest fragments that are believed to be either remnant from commercial logging activities ca. 25-45 years ago or as a direct result of land conversions for agriculture or human settlements. There have been no vegetation studies among these forest fragments except in Mt. Palay-Palay in 2004. The aim of the research was to describe these remaining forest fragments (in addition to Mt. Palay-Palay), their tree species diversity, composition, ecological assessment and current anthropogenic threats affecting these areas. Vegetation analysis was performed using the Point-Centered Quarter Method (PCQM) in 72 100-m transects in forest fragments with different habitats. Species diversity was computed using Shannon’s diversity index (H′). A total of 2,853 tree individuals belonging to 50 families, 127 genera, and 174 species was encountered. Species diversity indices (H′) in all forest fragments were high and their importance value indices (IVIs) fall within the range of IVIs of tropical forest inventories. Assessment of ecological status revealed that of the 174 species, 44 (25.3%) are endemic, 114 (65.5%) are native/indigenous, and 16 (9.2%) are exotic/introduced. Thirty-nine angiosperms are threatened representing 8.9% of all threatened angiosperms in the Philippines. Overall, Cavite’s remaining forest fragments are diverse in terms of tree species and all experience anthropogenic threats and it is highly recommended that they be protected and conserved including the diverse fauna and flora associated with these areas.

Anuran Diversity and Ecology from Forest Fragments in Cavite Province, Luzon Island, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

The earliest comprehensive work on Cavite Province’s anurans started in 1998 in Mount Palay-Palay/Mataas na-Gulod Protected Landscape. Annual anuran assessments have been done in this protected area since then, but not for the entire province. The anuran assemblages are also experiencing numerous anthropogenic threats that could affect their diversity. The aim of the study was to determine anuran diversity, richness, and abundance in six secondary lowland forest fragments in Cavite and further contribute to existing knowledge on Philippine anurans. Anuran surveys were conducted from February to September 2010 by employing a combination of strip transect sampling, time-constrained searches, visual encounter survey (VES), and acoustic encounter survey (AES). Utilizing EstimateS v.8.2, species diversity was represented by Shannon’s Diversity Index (H’), species richness by the non-parametric Jackknife1 and sampling efficiency by MaoTau. Twenty-one (21) microhabitats were identified, and species diversity and richness were highest in riparian forests during both dry and wet seasons. A total of 17 anuran taxa, including five representing new records for Cavite, were recorded. Species diversity (H ́) values slightly varied and a comparison of the MaoTau and the Jackknife1 results indicated that ca. 80-100% of the anuran species were detected from the different forest fragments. The anuran assemblage has a high degree of endemism (70.6%) with two yet-to-be described species, Platymantis sp. and Kaloula sp., also known to occur in Cavite.

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE LOWLAND FOREST OF THE CORE ZONE OF THE BUKIT DUABELAS NATIONAL PARK, JAMBI, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
RAHMAH RAHMAH ◽  
KUSWATA KARTAWINATA ◽  
NISYAWATI NISYAWATI ◽  
WISNU WARDHANA ◽  
ERWIN NURDIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

RAHMAH, KARTAWINATA, K., NISYAWATI, WARDHANA, W. & NURDIN, E. 2016. Tree species diversity in the lowland forest of the core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(1): 11 - 26. — An analysis of the composition and structure of a one-hectare plot of forest on a lowland hill slope in the eastern core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, was conducted in October and November 2012. The objective of the study was to obtain a descriptive account of the structure and tree species composition of a lowland forest in the eastern core zone of the park. The plot was divided into 100 subplots of  (10 m × 10 m) each and the seedling subplots (5 m × 5 m) were nested in the sapling subplots. A total of 414 trees were recorded with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ?10 cm, representing 113 species and 38 families, with the total BA (Basal Area)  of 25.71 m2 and Shannon- Wiener diversity index of 4.29. Prunus arborea with IV (Importance Value) of 19.19 is the dominant species and the other prevalent species were, Dracontomelon dao (IV =11.46) and Hydnocarpus sp. (IV =11.38). A total of 44 species (38.9%) had each density of 1 tree/ha, which may be considered locally rare. Ficus fistulosa had the highest density (24 trees/ha) and Prunus arborea had the highest BA (3.28 m2 = 12.8% of the total). Only 10 species had F (frequency) of 8-18%, of which Hydnocarpus sp. had the highest (18%); the remaining species had F<8%, which may be considered locally rare. Moraceae (IV= 34.05) was the dominant family. The two richest families were Moraceae (11) and Clusiaceae (9). A total of 61 species were registered in the Sumatra checklist and one of them was endemic (Baccaurea dulcis). A total of 13 species are listed in the IUCN Red List. The forest is a developing community after disturbance in the past with poor regeneration. Species with complete representation of trees, saplings and seedlings will probably remain in the forest in the future.

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN A PRISTINE MONTANE FOREST PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FOJA MOUNTAINS, PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Sadili ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata ◽  
Herwasono Soedjito ◽  
Edy Nasriadi Sambas
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Species Area

ADILI, A., KARTAWINATA, K., SOEDJITO, H. & SAMBAS, E. N. 2018. Tree species diversity in a pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities in Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(2): 133‒154. ‒‒ A study on structure and composition of the pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities was conducted at the Foja Mountains in November 2008. We established a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m each. We enumerated all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm which diameters were measured, heights were estimated and habitats were noted. We recorded 59 species, 42 genera and 27 families, comprising 693 trees with the total basal area (BA) of 41.35 m2/ha. The forest had lower species richness compared to those of lowland forests in Kalimantan, and Sumatra and montane forests in West Java. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was 3.22. Nothofagus rubra (Importance Value, IV=47.89%) and Parinari corymbosa (IV=40.3%) were the dominant species, constituting the basis for designating the forest as the Nothofagus rubra - Parinari corymbosa association. To date, the dominance of N. rubra is unique to the Foja Mountains, as elsewhere in Papua the montane forests were dominated by N. pullei or other species. The species-area curve indicated a minimal area of 5000 m2. On the family level Fagaceae (IV=53.23%), Chrysobalanaceae (IV=40.53%) and Myristicaceae (IV=26.43%) were dominant. Verti-cally the forest consisted of four strata (A–D). In each stratum Nothofagus rubra, Platea latifolia, Parinari corymbosa and Myristica hollrungii were dominant. The diameter class distribution of Nothofagus rubra, Parinari corymbosa and Platea latifolia led us to assume that these species were regenerating well.

scholarly journals Tree species diversity in the forest of Renikhayong para village in Bandarban, Bangladesh: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jannat ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MK Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Hill District ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The study was conducted to explore tree species diversity of Renikhayong para Village Common Forest (VCF) of Bandarban hill district. Stratified random sampling was carried out to assess the tree species diversity of the VCF. Renikhayong Para VCF with an area of 40 acres of land has more than 85 tree species belonging to 31 families, where Euphorbiaceae family was dominant containing 11 species followed by Rubiaceae (7 species), Moraceae (7 species), Meliaceae (5 species), Mimosaceae (5 species), Combretaceae (4 species), Lauraceae (4 species) and Anacardiaceae (3 species). Dominant tree species was Grewia nervosa. Renikhayong para VCF has diverse floristic resources that are known from the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (4.007), Simpson’s diversity index (0.028), Margalef’s richness index (13.21) and Species evenness index (0.90). However, number of species and number of individuals both were highest in the height range of 5 - <10 m. Similar trend was observed in dbh classes. Number of individuals were highest in dbh range of 5 - <15 cm and the lowest in ≥ 55 cm. The results depict the presence of maximum small trees in the VCF and decreasing the number of trees with the increase of tree height (m) and dbh (cm). Presence of diverse tree species and diversity indices indicate the importance and potential of the VCF for conservation and sustainable use. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 115-126

scholarly journals Deep Learning Approaches for the Mapping of Tree Species Diversity in a Tropical Wetland Using Airborne LiDAR and High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Jianfeng Huang ◽  
Zurui Ao ◽  
Dazhao Lao ◽  
Qinchuan Xin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Rgb Images

The monitoring of tree species diversity is important for forest or wetland ecosystem service maintenance or resource management. Remote sensing is an efficient alternative to traditional field work to map tree species diversity over large areas. Previous studies have used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral or multispectral remote sensing) for species richness prediction. The recent development of very high spatial resolution (VHR) RGB images has enabled detailed characterization of canopies and forest structures. In this study, we developed a three-step workflow for mapping tree species diversity, the aim of which was to increase knowledge of tree species diversity assessment using deep learning in a tropical wetland (Haizhu Wetland) in South China based on VHR-RGB images and LiDAR points. Firstly, individual trees were detected based on a canopy height model (CHM, derived from LiDAR points) by the local-maxima-based method in the FUSION software (Version 3.70, Seattle, USA). Then, tree species at the individual tree level were identified via a patch-based image input method, which cropped the RGB images into small patches (the individually detected trees) based on the tree apexes detected. Three different deep learning methods (i.e., AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50) were modified to classify the tree species, as they can make good use of the spatial context information. Finally, four diversity indices, namely, the Margalef richness index, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, the Simpson diversity index, and the Pielou evenness index, were calculated from the fixed subset with a size of 30 × 30 m for assessment. In the classification phase, VGG16 had the best performance, with an overall accuracy of 73.25% for 18 tree species. Based on the classification results, mapping of tree species diversity showed reasonable agreement with field survey data (R2Margalef = 0.4562, root-mean-square error RMSEMargalef = 0.5629; R2Shannon–Wiener = 0.7948, RMSEShannon–Wiener = 0.7202; R2Simpson = 0.7907, RMSESimpson = 0.1038; and R2Pielou = 0.5875, RMSEPielou = 0.3053). While challenges remain for individual tree detection and species classification, the deep-learning-based solution shows potential for mapping tree species diversity.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Abundance of Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419
Author(s):  
O.M. Ogundele ◽  
P.O. Ige ◽  
Y.T. Owoeye ◽  
D.E. Abanikanda ◽  
O.O. Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Permanent Sample Plot ◽  
Ondo State

This study was carried out to examine the tree species diversity and abundance in a natural forest ecosystem in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from a four equal size sampling plot of 50×50m in a permanent sample plot section of Akure Forest Reserve. All living trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were measured and identified. A total of 956 trees were encountered. These trees were from 42 genera and 20 families. Celtis zenkeri belonging to the family of Ulmaceae was the species with the highest population distribution while Sterculiaceae was the dominant family in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hˈ) of 3.196 and species evenness of 0.84 were obtained from the study area. The high values of diversity indices obtained indicated that the forest is rich in biodiversity and hence should be protected from any forms of disturbance to enhance sustainability as well as protect the rare species in it from going into extinction.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Relationship, Distribution of Tree Species Diversity, and Above-Ground Biomass on the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shiva Pokhrel ◽  
Chungla Sherpa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Landscape Level

Forests provide numerous ecosystem goods and services. Their roles are considered as important for both climate mitigation and adaptation program. In Nepal, there are significant forest resources which are distributed in different regions; however, the studies on the spatial tree species distribution and the above-ground biomass and their relationship at the landscape level have not been well studied. This study aims to analyze the relationship, distribution of tree species diversity, and above-ground biomass at a landscape level. The data used for this study were obtained from the Forest Research and Training Center of Nepal, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and Worldwide Wildlife Fund (WWF-Nepal). The landscape has a mean of 191.89 tons ha−1 of the above-ground biomass. The highest amount of the above-ground biomass measured was 650 tons ha−1 with 96 individual trees, and the least was 3.428 tons ha−1. The measured mean height of the tree was 11.77 m, and diameter at breast height (DBH) was 18.59 cm. In the case of the spatial distribution of the above-ground biomass, plots distributed at the middle altitude range greater than 900 meters above sea level (m. a. s. l) to 3000 meters above sea level taking more amount of the above-ground biomass (AGB). Similarly, the highest plot-level Shannon diversity index (H’) was 2.75 with an average of 0.96 at the middle altitude region followed by the lower region with an average of 0.89 and least 0.87 at a higher elevation. Above-ground biomass (R2 = 0.48) and tree height (R2 = 0.506) significantly increased with increasing elevation up to a certain level increased of elevation. Diameter at breast height (DBH) showed significance (R2 = 0.364) but small increase with increasing elevation, while the relationship among tree species diversity index, above-ground biomass, and elevation showed a weak and very weak positive relationship with R2 = 0.018 and R2 = 0.002, respectively. Based on the overall results, it is concluded that elevation has some level of influence on the forest tree diversity and above-ground biomass. The finding of this study could be useful for landscape-level resource management and planning under various changes.

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