scholarly journals Effect of Oral Supplementation with L-Carnitine on Performance Time in a 5000 m Race and Responses of Free Fatty Acid and Carnitine Concentrations in Trained-Endurance Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fayiz AbuMoh'd ◽  
◽  
Michael Yong Hwa Chia ◽  
Walid Alsababha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Before And After

This study was designed to determine the effect of oral supplementation with L-carnitine on the performance time in a 5000 m race. In addition, free fatty acid, blood carnitine, lactate, and glucose responses to the race following the supplementation period were measured. Twenty male trained-endurance athletes were randomly divided into two groups (L-carnitine, n = 10 (22.13 ± 2.66 yrs) or placebo, n = 10 (21.63 ± 2.23 yrs)). The study was performed with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group, in which participants ingested an L-carnitine supplement or a placebo 2 × 1.5 g/day for 3 weeks. Athletes completed a 5000 m race before and after the supplementation period. Blood samples were collected from each athlete before and after the race, preand post-supplementation to measure the physiological responses. Data showed that there were no differences in performance time before (p=0.624) and after (p=0.407) supplementation period between groups and within a group (p>0.05). No differences existed in physiological responses between groups after supplementation before beginning the race (p>0.05), except for the blood carnitine level, which was significantly higher in the L-carnitine than the placebo (P=0.001) group. After the finish of the race, however, data showed better physiological responses in response to L-carnitine supplementation compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). In conclusion, although L-carnitine supplementation increases blood carnitine concentration, it has no beneficial effect on performance time of 5000 m race probably due to the short duration of the race; it might also have no ergogenic effect.

Effects of Carbohydrate and Chromium Ingestion during Intermittent High-Intensity Exercise to Fatigue

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Davis ◽  
Ralph S. Welsh ◽  
Nathan A. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physically Active

Purpose:This study was designed to test the hypothesis that addition of chromium (Cr) to a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink would enhance the reported benefits of carbohydrate on exercise capacity during intermittent high-intensity shuttle running.Methods:Eight physically active men performed 3 exercise trials while ingesting 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO), CHO plus chromium picolinate (400 μg) (CHO + Cr+3). or placebo (P) using a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Each trial consisted of 5 × 15 min bouts of shuttle running (walk, sprint, and run at 95 and 55% of estimated V̇O2max, separated by 3-min rest). This was followed by a fatigue test (running alternating 20-m lengths at 55 and 95% of estimated V̇O2, until fatigue).Results:During the standardized shuttle running, blood glucose was higher with both CHO and CHO + Cr+3 than P. Plasma free fatty acid was higher in P than both CHO and CHO + Cr+3 at 75 min of exercise and at fatigue. In the fatigue test, subjects ran longer with both CHO and CHO + Cr+3 than P.Conclusions:The data confirm an ergogenic benefit of ingesting CHO during exercise designed to imitate sports like basketball, soccer, and hockey, but do not support the hypothesis that the addition of Cr would enhance this effect.

Appearance of Thrombogenic Tendency Induced by Adrenaline and Its Prevention by β-Adrenergic Blocking Agent, Nialamide and Pyridinolcarbamate

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yamazaki ◽  
T Sano ◽  
T Odakura ◽  
K Takeuchi ◽  
T Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time

SummaryIn 52 men and 33 women, the total, adhesive and nonadhesive platelet counts, onestage prothrombin time, euglobulinlysis time, and plasma nonesterified fatty acid were measured before and after an intravenous injection with 0.1 μg/kg of adrenaline or 1-noradrenaline. Three hours before the injection, placebo, 30 mg of phenoxybenzamine, 300 mg of pronethalol, 100 mg of nialamide or 100 mg of pyridinolcarbamate was administered orally under the double blind technique. Five minutes after the injection with adrenaline in 15 cases pretreated with placebo, a decrease in adhesive platelet count, and a shortening of one-stage prothrombin time and euglobulin lysis time were observed with statistical significance (P ˂ 0.01 ∼ 0.05). These changes were not observed in 15 cases injected with saline or noradrenaline. The changes were not observed in 10 cases pretreated with pronethalol, but were observed in 10 cases pretreated with phenoxybenzamine. So the effect of adrenaline may be due to stimulation of ß-adrenergic receptor sites. Meanwhile, the decrease in adhesive platelet count and the enhancement of blood coagulability were prevented by nialamide and pyridinolcarbamate, while the enhancement of fibrinolysis was not. The preventive effect of nialamide was less than that of pyridinolcarbamate. Phenoxybenzamine and nialamide prevented an increase in systolic blood pressure induced by adrenaline, and pronethalol prevented tachycardia by adrenaline, while pyridinolcarbamate did not affect these changes. Changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acid showed no relationship to the above hematological changes.

Regional glycerol and free fatty acid metabolism before and after meal ingestion

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. E863-E869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Uptake ◽  
Meal Ingestion

We measured splanchnic and leg glycerol [and free fatty acid (FFA)] uptake and release in 11 healthy volunteers before and after meal ingestion to assess whether regional FFA-to-glycerol release ratios mirror systemic release ratios. Basal splanchnic triglyceride release was also assessed. Although basal splanchnic glycerol uptake (111 ± 18 μmol/min) accounted for most of systemic glycerol rate of appearance (156 ± 20 μmol/min), leg glycerol uptake was also noted. The basal, systemic FFA-to-glycerol release ratio was less (2.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.05) than the splanchnic ratio of 6.1 ± 1.3, and the leg FFA-to-glycerol release ratio under fed conditions was less than the systemic ratio (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, respectively, P< 0.05). Basal splanchnic triglyceride production rates were 74 ± 20 μmol/min, which could produce equimolar amounts of glycerol in the peripheral circulation via lipoprotein lipase action. In summary, 1) regional FFA-to-glycerol release ratios do not mirror systemic ratios, 2) leg glycerol uptake occurs in humans, and 3) splanchnic triglyceride production rates are substantial relative to systemic glycerol appearance. Glycerol appearance rates may not be a quantitative index of whole body lipolysis.

scholarly journals Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for 3 d: a randomised crossover trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Line Gaundal ◽  
Mari C. W. Myhrstad ◽  
Lena Leder ◽  
Marte Gjeitung Byfuglien ◽  
Terje Gjøvaag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.

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