ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS OF RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN NERVE CELLS POPULATION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF RATS NERVOUS SYSTEMS AND ITS INTERATION WITH DIURNAL RHYTHMS OF TRANCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
A.G. Mustafin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Ultradian Rhythms ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Different Parts

FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. Schulz ◽  
H. Haarmann ◽  
A. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Dose

ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the oestrogen-sensitivity of the female reproductive system during the neonatal period. Newborn female guinea pigs were used as test animals. At different times after a single subcutaneous injection of a physiological dose of 0.1 μg or an unphysiologically high dose of 10 μg 17β-oestradiol/100 g body weight, the RNA- and protein-synthesis was examined in the hypothalamic region, pituitary, cerebral cortex, liver, adrenal gland, ovary and uterus. With a physiological dose an increase in organ weight, protein content, RNA-and protein-synthesis was found only in the uterus. These alterations turned out to be dose-dependent. In addition to the findings in the uterus an inhibition of the aminoacid incorporation rate occurred in the liver following the injection of the high oestradiol dose. As early as 1 hour after the administration of 0.1 μg 17β-oestradiol an almost 100% increase in uterine protein synthesis was detectable. This result demonstrates a high oestrogen-sensitivity of this organ during the neonatal period. All the other organs of the female reproductive system such as the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary did not show any oestrogen response. Therefore the functional immaturity of the uterus during post partem life is not the result of a deficient hormone sensitivity but is correlated with the absence of a sufficient hormonal stimulus at this time. The investigation on the effects of actinomycin resulted in different reactions in the uterus and liver. In contrast to the liver a paradoxical actinomycin effect was found in the uterus after treatment with actinomycin alone. This effect is characterized by a small inhibition of RNA-synthesis and a 50% increase in protein synthesis. The treatment of the newborn test animals with actinomycin and 17β-oestradiol together abolished the oestrogen-induced stimulation of the uterine RNA-and protein-synthesis. Consequently, the effect of oestrogens during the neonatal period is also connected with the formation of new proteins via an increased DNA-directed RNA-synthesis.

scholarly journals Synapsin I (protein I), a nerve terminal-specific phosphoprotein. I. Its general distribution in synapses of the central and peripheral nervous system demonstrated by immunofluorescence in frozen and plastic sections.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
P De Camilli ◽  
R Cameron ◽  
P Greengard
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Synapsin I ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Peripheral Nervous Systems

Synapsin I (formerly referred to as protein I) is the collective name for two almost identical phosphoproteins, synapsin Ia and synapsin Ib (protein Ia and protein Ib), present in the nervous system. Synapsin I has previously been shown by immunoperoxidase studies (De Camilli, P., T. Ueda, F. E. Bloom, E. Battenberg, and P. Greengard, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:5977-5981; Bloom, F. E., T. Ueda, E. Battenberg, and P. Greengard, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:5982-5986) to be a neuron-specific protein, present in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and concentrated in the synaptic region of nerve cells. In those preliminary studies, the occurrence of synapsin I could be demonstrated in only a portion of synapses. We have now carried out a detailed examination of the distribution of synapsin I immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study we have attempted to maximize the level of resolution of immunohistochemical light microscopy images in order to estimate the proportion of immunoreactive synapses and to establish their precise distribution. Optimal results were obtained by the use of immunofluorescence in semithin sections (approximately 1 micron) prepared from Epon-embedded nonosmicated tissues after the Epon had been removed. Our results confirm the previous observations on the specific localization of synapsin I in nerve cells and synapses. In addition, the results strongly suggest that, with a few possible exceptions involving highly specialized neurons, all synapses contain synapsin I. Finally, immunocytochemical experiments indicate that synapsin I appearance in the various regions of the developing nervous system correlates topographically and temporally with the appearance of synapses. In two accompanying papers (De Camilli, P., S. M. Harris, Jr., W. B. Huttner, and P. Greengard, and Huttner, W. B., W. Schiebler, P. Greengard, and P. De Camilli, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96:1355-1373 and 1374-1388, respectively), evidence is presented that synapsin I is specifically associated with synaptic vesicles in nerve endings.

A Method of Maintaining Parenchymal Cells from Adult Rat Liver In Vitro

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
J. ALWEN ◽  
JENNIFER J. GALLHAI-ATCHARD
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

A method for preparing suspensions of adult rat hepatocytes suitable for maintenance in vitro is described. Cultures were established from the cell suspensions by the squash technique. Cells were examined by light and electron microscopy; histochemically for glycogen, bile, lipid and glucose-6-phosphatase; and by autoradiography for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes could be maintained in vitro for at least 3 days and began to aggregate after 1 day. Uridine and leucine were incorporated, but not thymidine. Cultures consisted mainly of hepatocytes, though reticulo-endothelial cells were sometimes present.

Effets d'un choc thermique sur le métabolisme des ARN et des protéines au cours de l'embryogenèse d'une fougère aquatique, le Marsilea vestita

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2655-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Kuligowski ◽  
Michèle Ferrand ◽  
Éliane Chenou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Marsilea Vestita ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis

A mild, 2-h cold shock treatment, from 24 to 16 °C, was applied during the different stages of Marsilea vestita embryogenesis. For each main stage (proembryo, globular embryo, and completed embryo with a bilateral symmetry), cold-induced modifications in RNA and protein synthesis were studied by autoradiography of the cells after incorporation of [5-3H]uridine and [3H]leucine. In both controls and treated specimens, proembryogenesis was characterized by a lack of transcriptional activity and no labelling was detected in the cytoplasm until the 16-cell stage. Even in the absence of de novo RNA synthesis in cooled samples, proteins necessary for the first cleavages of the embryo were being synthesized, but always at a rate lower than in the reference material. These results lead us to postulate that long-lived mRNA is stored in the cytoplasm of young embryos. Transcription, slowed down by the cold treatment, starts at the 8- to 16-cell stage and increases during the globular embryo stage. In lowered temperature conditions, transport of new RNA transcripts to the cytoplasm, which was strongly inhibited during the transition from the 16- to the 64-cell stage, appears to be less sensitive to cold shock as the embryo gets older. Our results show a difference in the response to temperature between RNA and protein synthesis. However, in both cases, sensitivity to cold temperature stress decreases with age. It is the physiological status reached by the embryo when the cold temperature stress is applied that determines the intensity of the response. [Journal translation]

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