NEUROMUSCULAR MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Akhmadeeva L.R. ◽  
Izhbuldina E.V. ◽  
Khayrullin A.T.
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Guillain Barré

In this paper, various neuromuscular manifestations of coronavirus infection are considered and methods of damage to the nervous system are highlighted. These include the "cytokine storm", impaired hemostasis, neurotropicity and neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2. The persistence of the virus in the body affects the course of comorbid diseases, which requires a systematic approach to patient treatment. In this paper we discuss the data from modern research papers and clinical cases both from updated international literature and from our own clinical practice: it is the most frequently met condition - Guillain-Barré syndrome – acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. We present both rare and common neuro-muscular conditions, their clinical onset, possible pathogenesis, variants of manifestation. According to the data from current publications, the evaluation and management of patients suffering from Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with new coronaviral infection SARS-CoV-2 is does not have major differences with the classical ones, that are not associated with the pandemic. Our patient that we present as our own case, was hospitalized, and observed as an in-patient. She was treated using plasma exchange in the algorithm of management. The outcome of this case was positive. We conclude that neuromuscular manifestation of new coronaviral infection SARS-CoV-2 could be new and possibly associated with this disease, but also could be described as worsening of the premorbid disorders. For instance, inherited neuromuscular diseases could have different variants during the period of pandemic caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ON GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY- AIDP) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Sahu Abhilasha ◽  
Vyas O.P
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Nerve Conduction Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain- Barre Syndrome is serious health problem, that occurs when the body`s defence system mistakenly attacks parts of the nervous system. In about 50% of people with these syndrome symptoms begin about 5 days to 3 weeks after a mild infection symptoms include weakness and pin and needle sensation or loss of sensation. It is form of polyneuropathy that cause one episode of increasing muscle weakness. Weakness is more prominent than abnormal sensation reflex. Usually weakness begins both legs and moves up the body. In GBS, the body`s immune system attacks the myelin sheath which surround the axon of many nerves and enable nerve impulses to travel quickly. It may lead to life threatening complication in particular if respiratory muscles are affected or if the autonomic nervous system is involved. Worldwide, the annual incidence is about 0.6- 4.0 occurrences per 1,00,000 people. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies can help confirm the diagnosis. Plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin given intravenously may speed recovery. GBS as such is not correlated with any disease which is described in Ayurveda but pathology of GBS is Vata dominating disorder along with association of Pitta and Kapha dosha. As a precipitating factor produced functions of GI biofire plays an important role by producing Ama like reactive species in genesis of this disease. So at the management of GBS through Ayurveda anti-Vata and anti-Ama measures kept in mind while prescribing the drug.

scholarly journals Acute motor-sensory axonal polyneuropathy variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome complicating the recovery phase of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Maseh Haidary ◽  
Sarah Noor ◽  
Esmatullah Hamed ◽  
Tawab Baryali ◽  
Soma Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Guillain Barré

Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus, since its first identification in China, in December 2019, has shown remarkable heterogeneity in its clinical behavior. It has affected humans on every continent. Clinically, it has affected every organ system. The outcome has also been variable, with most of the older patients showing grave outcomes as compared with the younger individuals. Here we present a rare and severe variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome that complicated the disease in recovery phase. Case presentation A 60-year-old Afghan man, who had been recovering from symptoms related to novel coronavirus associated disease, presented with sudden onset of progressive muscle weakness and oxygen desaturation. Electrophysiological workup confirmed the diagnosis of Guillain–Barre syndrome, and early institution of intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in complete resolution. Conclusion Guillain–Barre syndrome has recently been reported in many patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus associated disease. While clinical suspicion is mandatory to guide towards an effective diagnostic workup, early diagnosis of this complication and timely institution of therapeutic interventions are indispensable and lifesaving.

Case Report on Guillain Barre Syndrome: Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 548-550
Author(s):  
Chinnu Roy ◽  
Jobin Kunjumon Vilapurathu ◽  
Dhanya Paul
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder which affects the peripheral nervous system. It is a rare disorder affects in 1 per million people in year. It is characterized by symmetrical, progressive limb weakness and tingling. Case Report: A 53 year old male patient was presented with insidious onset of difficulty in moving right upper and lower limbs as well as gradual weakness of left limbs, and breathing difficulty, known case of diabetics’ mellitus and hypertension. Nerve conduction study shows suggest axonopathy; Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) is identified, which is a subtype of Guillain Barre Syndrome. Patient gradually develops areflexia, bifacial weakness, and quadriparesis. Patient was treated with IV immunoglobulin and intranasal oxygen therapy. Patient shows slight improvement in his medical condition, shows improvement in the power of lower limbs after one week of therapy. Physiotherapy was suggested. Keywords: Guillain Barre Syndrome, GBS, Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, AIDP.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection as a cause of congenital brain abnormalities and Guillain-Barré syndrome: From systematic review to living systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Jacques Counotte ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Maurane Riesen ◽  
Million Abraha ◽  
Teegwendé Valérie Porgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Background. The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas has caused international concern due to neurological sequelae linked to the infection, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The World Health Organization stated that there is “sufficient evidence to conclude that Zika virus is a cause of congenital abnormalities and is a trigger of GBS”. This conclusion was based on a systematic review of the evidence published until 30.05.2016. Since then, the body of evidence has grown substantially, leading to this update of that systematic review with new evidence published from 30.05.2016 – 18.01.2017, update 1. Methods. We review evidence on the causal link between ZIKV infection and adverse congenital outcomes and the causal link between ZIKV infection and GBS or immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia purpura. We also describe the transition of the review into a living systematic review, a review that is continually updated. Results. Between 30.05.2016 and 18.01.2017, we identified 2413 publications, of which 101 publications were included. The evidence added in this update confirms the conclusion of a causal association between ZIKV and adverse congenital outcomes. New findings expand the evidence base in the dimensions of biological plausibility, strength of association, animal experiments and specificity. For GBS, the body of evidence has grown during the search period for update 1, but only for dimensions that were already populated in the previous version. There is still a limited understanding of the biological pathways that potentially cause the occurrence of autoimmune disease following ZIKV infection. Conclusions. This systematic review confirms previous conclusions that ZIKV is a cause of congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly, and is a trigger of GBS. The transition to living systematic review techniques and methodology provides a proof of concept for the use of these methods to synthesise evidence about an emerging pathogen such as ZIKV.

Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy in a 5-Month-Old Child

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Federica Sullo ◽  
Milena Motta ◽  
Pierluigi Smilari ◽  
Luigi Rampello ◽  
Filippo Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Prevalent Form

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized by rapidly progressive, essentially symmetric weakness and areflexia in a previously otherwise healthy child. It is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children, and its reported incidence is 1 to 2/100,000 population. Prior infection is a well-established predating event in GBS. The commonly recognized variants of GBS are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, and Miller–Fisher syndrome. AIDP is the most prevalent form. As Guillain–Barrè syndrome represents an important differential diagnosis in infancy with pronounced and progressive hypotonia, we herein report a case of AMAN in a 5-month-old male infant without known exposure to immunomodulating factors or infections.

Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barré Syndrome)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Teresa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Motor Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Hospital Wards

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), is a common acute neurological presentation encountered in both the outpatient setting and hospital wards. The hallmark of the disorder is the development of ascending motor paralysis with loss of deep tendon reflexes. In this chapter, we outline the classical clinical and laboratory findings in GBS as well as critical therapeutic and supportive measures along with prognosis.

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