scholarly journals Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments

10.26879/1090 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mancosu ◽  
James Nebelsick
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
High Energy

Mapping shallow water bubbling reefs – a method comparison between topobathymetric lidar and multibeam echosounder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Skovgaard Andersen ◽  
Lars Øbro Hansen ◽  
Zyad Al-Hamdani ◽  
Signe Schilling Hansen ◽  
Manfred Niederwieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sidescan Sonar ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Spatial Coverage

<p>Bubbling reefs are submarine structures formed by aggregating carbonate resulting from leaking gases. The reef formations can form pillars rising several meters above the sea floor. They support a high diversity of benthic communities, and in the EU Habitat Directive they are specifically mentioned as a natural habitat type that require conservation.</p><p>Knowledge about the presence, locations and shape of bubbling reefs are usually obtained by geophysical surveying using multibeam echosounder (MBES), sidescan sonar and/or seismic acquisition systems, combined with ground truth verification. However, this traditional survey method is time consuming, especially for full coverage surveys in shallow water. Full coverage surveys are a requirement to capture the bubbling reefs due to their relatively small spatial extent. Besides, traditional geophysical vessel borne surveys have their limitations in shallow water due to low spatial coverage and vessel draft.</p><p>In recent years, airborne topobathymetric (green wavelength) lidar has emerged as a new possible surveying method in shallow water (e.g. Andersen et al., 2017). Compared to vessel borne MBES, full coverage lidar surveys can be conducted within hours instead of days/weeks, while also including full coverage in the shallow water and a seamless transition between land and water. Thus, topobathymetric lidar may be a good choice for carrying out full coverage surveys in large shallow water areas. However, the accuracy and the resolution of the collected dataset are important in these surveys, not least when mapping small scale features such as bubbling reefs.</p><p>In this study, we investigated the potential of mapping bubbling reefs in shallow water (<10 m) using topobathymetric lidar. The main objective was to assess the performance of airborne topobathymetric lidar to detect and resolve small scale objects, i.e. bubbling reefs, by comparison to MBES data. Both MBES and lidar data were acquired in spring 2019 in a designated Natura 2000 area close to Hirsholmene in the northern Kattegat region in Denmark. The comparison of the two datasets included a quantification of the accuracy, and an assessment of the performance for mapping bubbling reefs.</p><p> </p><p>Reference:</p><p>Andersen M.S., Gergely A., Al-Hamdani Z., Steinbacher F., Larsen L.R., Ernstsen V.B. (2017). Processing and performance of topobathymetric lidar data for geomorphometric and morphological classification in a high-energy tidal environment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21: 43-63, DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-43-2017.</p>

Environmental versus genetic causes of morphologic variability in bryozoan colonies from the deep sea

Paleobiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. M. Schopf
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Level Population ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

Bryozoans are colonial animals and this permits the partitioning of their morphologic variability into components of within colony (i.e. within a single genotype) and between colony (i.e. between genotype) variance. These data have been obtained for four species of the endemic deep-sea genus Euginoma for a series of characters. In 8 comparisons, one component of the total variance dominated at the 5% level. Population (between colony) variance contributed significantly to the total variance in 63% of the comparisons (5 of 8); individual (within colony) variance contributed significantly to the total variance in 37% of the comparisons (3 of 8).Compared to shallow water species, the surprising feature of the deep-sea data is that the between colony component of variance is as high as it is. Possibly in the more stable, deep-sea environment, the genotypic contribution to the variance of each individual colony is expressed to a greater degree than in the more variable, shallow water regime. If so, then analyses of variability in colonial animals may be an independent means of ascertaining stability gradients in the fossil record.

scholarly journals Palaeobiology of Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) from Gotland, Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole A. Hoel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Similar Attitude ◽  
Cardinal Process ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Shell Damage

Leptaenine brachiopods are common and widespread on Gotland. Lepidoleptaena poulseni and Leptaena rhomboidalis retained a functional apical pedicle throughout ontogeny, and both had strong adductor muscles and robust ornamentation, allowing them to occupy shallow water and high energy environments. A pedicle-shortening muscle is present within the pedicle tube of Leptaena rhomboidalis. Leptaena sperion, L. depressa visbyensis, and L. depressa lata inhabited low energy environments, retaining very slender pedicles. L. depressa depressa and L. parvorugata atrophied the pedicle early and then lived ambitopically in deeper water. The presence or absence of the apical pedicle strongly influenced the cardinal process morphology. Leptaenine shells had a small gape. The lophophore was simple, similar to productids and Leptaenoidea. In closed valves, the inner epithelium of leptaenine trails remained exposed to the sea. This was probably important in gas exchange. The life position of pedically attached species was with the disc vertical. Some ambitopic specimens may have retained a similar attitude. Shells of L. depressa depressa and Lepidoleptaena poulseni commonly are encrusted by epibionts, apparently without problems for larger shells. Small shells are shown to have been killed by bryozoan epizoans. Repaired shell damage is rare on the disc but is common along the commisure.

Evidence of high-energy storm and shallow water facies in Pabdeh sedimentary phosphate deposit, Kuhe-Lar-anticline, SW Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1703-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Bolourchifard ◽  
Farajollah Fayazi ◽  
Behzad Mehrabi ◽  
Ayyub Memarkouchehbagh
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sw Iran ◽  
Phosphate Deposit ◽  
Water Facies

THE IMPACT OF HIGH-ENERGY STORMS ON SHALLOW-WATER NAUTILUS (CEPHALOPODA) TAPHONOMY, LIFOU (LOYALTY ISLANDS)

Palaios ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 348-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. HEMBREE ◽  
R. H. MAPES ◽  
C. GOIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Impact

Chathamirhynchia kahuitara, a new genus and species of Late Cretaceous rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: shell structure, palaeoecology and biogeography

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne E. Lee ◽  
Neda Motchurova-Dekova
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
New Genus ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Cardinal Process ◽  
Energy Environment

ABSTRACTA new rhynchonellide brachiopod has been collected from the Kahuitara Tuff (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Brachiopods are extremely rare in Cretaceous rocks from New Zealand, and this new genus and species is unlike any other rhynchonellide known from Australasia or elsewhere. Chathamirhynchia kahuitara is distinguished by its small size, strong ribbing, and well-developed sulciplicate folding, and internally by a large, robust cardinal process and raduliform crura. The shell structure of C. kahuitara is shown to be of typical fine fibrous ‘rhynchonellidine’ type. This brachiopod was probably strongly attached to volcanic rock or shells in a shallow-water, high-energy environment. Implications for the biogeography of brachiopods during the Late Cretaceous are briefly discussed.

Mapping epibenthic assemblages and their relations to sedimentary features in shallow-water, high-energy environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Sisson ◽  
Jeff Shimeta ◽  
Cheryl Ann Zimmer ◽  
Peter Traykovski
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Energy

Early Ordovician Trilobites from the Nazareno Area, Northwestern Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Franco Tortello ◽  
Susana B. Esteban
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
First Time

The upper part of the Santa Rosita Formation (Ordovician, Tremadocian) in the Nazareno area, Cordillera Oriental, northwestern Argentina, records the vertical passage of high-energy, shallow water platform environments to offshore settings. Eighteen trilobite species are described from this locality for the first time. Although the taxa from the lower part of the succession (Leptoplastidessp.,Asaphellussp.) are scarce and non-age diagnostic, those from the upper part include diverse assemblages partially assigned to the late TremadocianNotopeltis orthometopaZone. Systematic descriptions of several species (Geragnostus nesossiiHarrington and Leanza,G. callaveiformisHarrington and Leanza,Asaphellus jujuanusHarrington,Notopeltis orthometopa[Harrington],Mekynophrys nannaHarrington,Ceratopyge forficuloidesHarrington and Leanza,Apatokephalus tibicenPřibyl and Vanĕk) are improved, the genusNileusDalman (includingN. australisn. sp.) is first reported from the Tremadocian of western Gondwana, and new species ofAsaphellusCallaway (A. nazarenensisn. sp.),ConophrysCallaway, andApatokephalusBrøgger are described. The trilobites have their closest affinities with faunas from Norway and Sweden.Notopeltis orthometopaandMekynophrys nannaare restricted to the uppermost part of the succession, well above the first records of most other trilobites recognized.

Paleocommunity and evolutionary ecology of Paleozoic crinoids

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Holterhoff
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Early Diversification

Crinoids were a common component of Paleozoic benthic paleocommunities, yet they have been under-utilized in paleoecological analyses. Recent efforts to incorporate disarticulated ossicles into these analyses have greatly increased the robustness of paleoecological patterns noted for the Crinoidea. Analyses of crinoid functional morphology, particularly filtration dynamics, have provided testable hypotheses concerning the distribution of crinoids among benthic environments. These models predict that crinoids with dense-mesh filtration fans should be most common in high energy, shoreward paleoenvironments, whereas open-fan crinoids should be most common in low-energy, offshore paleoenvironments. Review of the Paleozoic fossil record appears to support these general predictions—from the Late Ordovician to the end of the Paleozoic, dense-fan crinoids are most abundant in nearshore paleoenvironments, whereas open-fan crinoids are most abundant offshore.The partitioning of crinoid diversity through the Paleozoic shifted through time. Beta diversity was highest in the Ordovician, implying that the early diversification of crinoids was focused on partitioning the benthic landscape among taxa. Beta diversity was quite low by the late Paleozoic, however, local and within-habitat alpha diversity was much greater than during the Ordovician. This resulted in generally higher levels of eurytopy in the late Paleozoic compared to the Ordovician. Patterns of faunal disassembly associated with regional extinctions in North America during the Ordovician and Permian underscore the differences in the paleoecology of these crinoid faunas.

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