Highway traffic loading - AS5100 and NZTA Bridge Manual compared to international codes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rhodes ◽  
Philip Icke ◽  
Paul Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Load Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Critical Traffic

<p>Highway bridge design and assessment (rating) requires the application of notional traffic load models, with the most onerous load patterns being determined using influence surfaces. Software speeds the process of obtaining critical traffic load effects. This paper compares the requirements of – and load effects arising from – AS5100, the NZ Transport Agency Bridge Manual and other international Codes including those used in the US, UK, Canada, China, and the Eurocode.</p>

Traffic loading – AASHTO, State Implementations and International Codes of Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rhodes ◽  
Bryan Donoghue ◽  
Philip Icke
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Critical Traffic ◽  
Aashto Lrfd

<p>Highway bridge design and rating requires the application of notional traffic load models, with the most onerous load patterns being determined using influence surfaces. Software speeds the process of obtaining critical traffic load patterns and effects. This paper compares the requirements of – and load effects arising from – AASHTO LRFD, various State Bridge Design Manual implementations, also touching on selected international Codes from Europe, Australia, Canada and China.</p>

Traffic loads for the assessment of existing bridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vazul Boros ◽  
Roman Lenner ◽  
Alan O'Connor ◽  
Andre Orcesi ◽  
Franziska Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Partial Factor

<p>IABSE TG 1.3 aims to identify appropriate approaches for applications of the partial factor format in assessment of existing bridges. A sub-group was formed to investigate and provide recommendations on updating road traffic loads. Commonly, these are assessed by complex numerical simulations. While this study does not provide a universal solution, it demonstrates by a case study a simple and reasonably conservative way of using simulations to update traffic load effects, meanwhile continuously highlighting the objectives, potential alternatives or pitfalls of simulations. The results indicate that, for the short, single span bridge under consideration, the characteristic values given in Eurocodes provide conservative estimates. The probabilistic model for traffic loading obtained by bridge- and route-specific simulations will yield substantially more favourable reliability levels in comparison to the general model in fib Bulletin 80.</p>

Some observations on BWIM data collected in Manitoba

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
B. Algohi ◽  
B. Bakht ◽  
H. Khalid ◽  
A. Mufti ◽  
J. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Three highway bridges in the Canadian province of Manitoba are being monitored continuously not only for their long-term performance but also for bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM). Data collected for the BWIM study has led to some observations that have far-reaching consequences about the design and evaluation loads for highway bridges. This paper presents the well-known concept of equivalent base length, Bm, as a useful tool for comparing trucks with different axle weight and spacing configurations as they influence load effects in all bridges. It is discussed that the statistics of gross vehicle weights (GVWs), W, collected over a one-month period is not significantly different from that for the GVW data collected over a longer period. A rational method concludes that the value of W for the CL-W Truck, the design live load specified by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, is 555 kN for Manitoba. The observed truck data in Manitoba presented on the W–Bm space is found to be similar to that collected in the Canadian province of Ontario more than four decades ago. It was also found that the multi-presence factors, accounting for the presence of side-by-side trucks in two-lane bridges, specified in North American bridge design and evaluation codes are somewhat conservative.

Extreme value modeling of coincident lane load effects for multi-lane factors of bridges using peaks-over-threshold method

2020 ◽  
pp. 136943322096027
Author(s):  
Junyong Zhou ◽  
Cuimin Hu ◽  
Zhixing Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Value ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Peaks Over Threshold ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Value Modeling

Multi-lane factor (MLF) is a probability reduction reflecting unfavorable traffic loads over multiple lanes acting simultaneously on the most adverse position of a bridge. It is one of the key components of traffic load models for bridges. The most recent research established a multi-coefficient MLF model that clearly illustrated the lane load disparity and the probability reduction of their simultaneous actions. However, it used the block maxima (BM) method for extreme value modeling, which requires a large amount of traffic data. This study aims to adopt the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method to obtain more information from short-term traffic data and model the extreme coincident lane load effects (LLEs) for multi-coefficient MLF calibration. First, the multi-coefficient MLF model was reviewed. Thereafter, the bivariate POT method for coincident LLEs modeling using generalized Pareto distribution was proposed and formulated. Critical issues such as bivariate threshold selection and parameter estimation were addressed. Numerical examples were demonstrated to verify and validate the approach. Finally, the proposed approach was applied for calibrating the MLF of an experimental site with four traffic lanes. The results indicated that the coincident LLEs modeling using the POT approach was accurate and more effective than using the BM method when applied to limited data. The calibrated MLFs from the experimental site effectively revealed the lane load disparity of traffic loads over multiple lanes, which is not involved in the traffic load models of current bridge design specifications. Furthermore, the influence of other problems such as weight restriction on coincident LLEs modeling and MLF calibration were discussed. The proposed technique provides a sound approach for multi-coefficient MLF calibration of bridge assessment with short-term site-specific traffic data.

scholarly journals Standardised bridge weigh-in-motion data and its applications in bridge engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami Qvisen ◽  
Weiwei Lin ◽  
Heikki Lilja ◽  
Timo Tirkkonen ◽  
Mikko Peltomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Engineering ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion ◽  
Orthotropic Bridge Deck

<p>Applying actual traffic data in bridge analyses will provide more accurate results compared to the results obtained according to the Eurocode traffic load models. Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) measurements are an excellent tool to produce such data. Using B-WIM data as a part of the bridge design or assessment processes has a large potential, but the lack of widely adopted standardised data format hinders broader utilisation of it. This study proposes a new standardised format to present the measured B-WIM data so that in the future, developed software can directly utilise any available B-WIM data. This would make calculations with multiple different traffic compositions and types straightforward and enable the basis for further utilisation of B-WIM data in bridge design/assessment. To demonstrate the benefits, a fatigue case study of an orthotropic bridge deck was conducted, and the results were compared to ones obtained according to Eurocode FLM 4.</p>

Bridge evaluation by mean load method per the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Au ◽  
Clifford Lam ◽  
Akhilesh C Agarwal ◽  
Bala Tharmabala
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Bridge Evaluation ◽  
The Mean

The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) provides two alternative methods for evaluating the strength of existing bridges. The load and resistance factor method provides a general approach and covers the most extreme load situations that can occur in a general bridge population. The mean load method considers the uncertainties of loads acting on a specific bridge, the method of analysis, and resistance of the structure involved, and thus can provide a more accurate evaluation of individual bridges. Since traffic load represents a major portion of bridge loads, a better evaluation of specific bridges is obtained by using the statistical parameters of traffic loads observed on the structure. However, the overall accuracy depends heavily on capturing the most critical loading conditions during the survey periods. The mean load method is particularly valuable where actual traffic loads are expected to be significantly lower than those used in code calibration and when the potential economic benefits arising from a more realistic evaluation outweigh the extra costs of live load data collection and analysis. This paper demonstrates that the mean load method using site-specific traffic loading information can lead to a significantly higher live load-carrying capacity of a bridge.Key words: highway bridges, bridge evaluation, reliability, mean load method, bridge testing.

A comparison of design loads for highway bridges

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Buckland ◽  
R. G. Sexsmith
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Influence Line ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
American Society

Load effects for four bridge design live load models are compared over a broad span range for three simple influence line shapes. The models are American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) HS20, Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code (OHBDC), Canadian National Standard CAN3-S6-M78 MS250, and one from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Comparisons are made on a number of grounds including maximum effect, simplicity, and accuracy. The span range 30–300 m is considered.

scholarly journals Characteristic dynamic traffic load effects in bridges

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene J. OBrien ◽  
Paraic Rattigan ◽  
Arturo González ◽  
Jason Dowling ◽  
Aleš Žnidarič
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Characteristic Dynamic
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