Structural Systems for Mass Timber Buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gleason ◽  
Gordana Herning ◽  
John Klein
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Braced Frames ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Gravity System

<p>This paper investigates the design of lateral force resisting systems (LFRS) for multi-story mass timber structures in Boston, MA. Structural and environmental tradeoffs of replacing conventional concrete cores or steel braced frames with glue-laminated timber (GLT) braced frames are evaluated through numerical analyses of 8-, 12-, and 18-story building prototypes. Finding an optimal timber gravity system configuration is followed by examining lateral resistance of the prototypes. The resulting designs demonstrate a practical approach to assist designers in selecting a lateral system during the early stages of conceptual design. This research was conducted in parallel with a related study for implementation of mass timber in affordable housing in Boston, enabling a comparison between composite systems and all-timber structures.</p>

scholarly journals Lateral resistance of mass timber shear wall connected by withdrawal-type connectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Jun Pang ◽  
Kyung-Sun Ahn ◽  
Seog Goo Kang ◽  
Jung-Kwon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
Timber Shear Walls ◽  
Timber Shear Wall

AbstractIn this study, the lateral resistances of mass timber shear walls were investigated for seismic design. The lateral resistances were predicted by kinematic models with mechanical properties of connectors, and compared with experimental data. Four out of 7 shear wall specimens consisted of a single Ply-lam panel and withdrawal-type connectors. Three out of 7 shear wall specimens consisted of two panels made by dividing a single panel in half. The divided panels were connected by 2 or 4 connectors like a single panel before being divided. The applied vertical load was 0, 24, or 120 kN, and the number of connectors for connecting the Ply-lam wall-to-floor was 2 or 4. As a result, the tested data were 6.3 to 52.7% higher than the predicted value by kinematic models, and it means that the lateral resistance can be designed by the behavior of the connector, and the prediction will be safe. The effects of wall-to-wall connectors, wall-to-floor connectors and vertical loads on the shear wall were analyzed with the experimental data.

Durability and protection of mass timber structures: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 103731
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayanleye ◽  
Kenneth Udele ◽  
Vahid Nasir ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Timber Structures ◽  
Mass Timber

Innovative bio-composite systems for re-design of timber structures

2016 ◽  
pp. 2326-2333
Author(s):  
C.E. Lanivschi ◽  
A. Secu ◽  
E. Decher ◽  
G.M. Atanasiu
Keyword(s):  
Timber Structures ◽  
Composite Systems

Ecological mass timber as an answer to affordable housing in Switzerland?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Gaudry ◽  
Martial Chabloz ◽  
Darius Golchan ◽  
Julien Nembrini ◽  
Matthias Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Structural Walls ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Concrete Layer ◽  
Building Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
High Degree

<p>The lightness and thermal performances of timber has led designers to consider using it for urban densification and to make it the key for a more sustainable and affordable construction industry.</p><p>This project of a timber-framed high-rise building will become one of the tallest in Switzerland to adopt a wooden construction, using a mix of two types of manufactured wood: cross-laminated timber (CLT) for structural walls and glue-laminated timber (a.k.a. glulam) combined to an upper concrete layer linked with screws for the slabs. The use of timber sourced from local forest is considered by the engineers because its abundance in Switzerland.</p><p>The concrete layer is needed to reach a high level of acoustic performance and to efficiently create horizontal diaphragms for earthquake resistance. It also enables the reduction of the thickness of the complex. The lower wooden surfaces with warm natural appearance are visible from the rooms, as well as the vertical surfaces of the CLT wall supporting them.</p><p>The project reveals the complexity for timber structures to simultaneously comply with regulations concerning structural, fire safety, acoustical and earthquake-resistance performances. Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows excellent technical installations coordination to reach a high degree of prefabrication.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of hygroscopic self-shaping wood at large scale for curved mass timber structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Grönquist ◽  
Dylan Wood ◽  
Mohammad M. Hassani ◽  
Falk K. Wittel ◽  
Achim Menges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Geometric Complexity ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Mass Timber

The growing timber manufacturing industry faces challenges due to increasing geometric complexity of architectural designs. Complex and structurally efficient curved geometries are nowadays easily designed but still involve intensive manufacturing and excessive machining. We propose an efficient form-giving mechanism for large-scale curved mass timber by using bilayered wood structures capable of self-shaping by moisture content changes. The challenge lies in the requirement of profound material knowledge for analysis and prediction of the deformation in function of setup and boundary conditions. Using time- and moisture-dependent mechanical simulations, we demonstrate the contributions of different wood-specific deformation mechanisms on the self-shaping of large-scale elements. Our results outline how to address problems such as shape prediction, sharp moisture gradients, and natural variability in material parameters in light of an efficient industrial manufacturing.

Experimental investigation into the lateral resistance of Y-shape steel sleepers on ballasted tracks

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440972097259
Author(s):  
Jabbar Ali Zakeri ◽  
Yaser Bahari ◽  
Kaveh Yousefian
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance

Track lateral resistance ensures the track stability under operation and during its service life in lateral and longitudinal directions. Numerous methods and techniques have been considered to enhance track lateral resistance. Since sleeper, as one of the railway track superstructure components, has a significant contribution in providing the lateral resistance, using different types of sleepers, like Y-shape one, would alter the track lateral resistance. The utilization of Y-shape steel sleepers in railway tracks needs further investigation to comprehend the structural behavior. Hence, in this paper, the lateral resistance of the Y-shape steel sleeper was experimentally investigated by performing the lateral track panel loading test (LTPT) and single tie push test (STPT). The longitudinal resistance force (LRF) in STPT depends on the loading direction. The LRF was specified as 16 kN in Y-top direction and 13 kN in Y-bottom direction for a single sleeper. The LRF in STPT was enhanced by 90% on average compared to the conventional concrete sleeper. The LRF in LTPT was also obtained as 18 kN, and its increasing percentage was measured as 12.5%.

Mass Timber: 19 Century to Today

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle B. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Model Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Mass Timber

<p>New mass timber technologies are entering the US market allowing for innovative, sustainable, and affordable designs. As the market embraces mass timber it is important to reflect on the history of mass timber and to learn best practices to ensure sustainable growth of this sector. This paper will discuss the evolution of mass timber in three parts:</p><p>19th Century: Large sawn timbers were used to construct impressive warehouse structures that still remain functional and beautiful in our cities today. Logging practices of this era led to deforestation in parts of the Americas before the rise of steel and concrete as dominant building materials.</p><p>20th Century: Mass timber using adhesives emerged in the 20th century. The novel idea of adhering small dimensioned lumber together to create massive elements is the genesis of all modern mass timber technology. This practice allows for timber to be sustainably harvested for structural applications.</p><p>21st Century: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has quickly shifted from a bespoke building material to an affordable system being used to address the pressing need for affordable housing. 475 W. 18<span>th</span> St is a model project that was used to compare the carbon impact of building a multi-family residential building as compared to conventional reinforced concrete.</p>

Connection Performance of Mass Plywood Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Byrne T. Miyamoto ◽  
Arijit Sinha ◽  
Ian Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Component Test ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
American Society ◽  
Mass Timber

Abstract Tall wood buildings have become more prevalent in North America in the past 10 years. Tall wood-frame buildings implement both mass timber construction and products. Mass timber products are wood-based products that can withstand and hold large loads for long durations of time. Mass timber has allowed for large buildings, which consist mainly of wood, to be erected comprising multiple stories. One new mass timber product that has been fashioned is Mass Plywood Panels (MPP). MPP is a veneer-based engineered wood product, which is a massive, large-scale, structural composite lumber–based panel designed for use in building applications as both a vertical and horizontal element. For any new product to be used in the industry with confidence, a thorough investigation of its physical, mechanical, and connection properties is needed. A series of connection tests, such as fastener withdrawal resistance, dowel-bearing strength, lateral resistance, and a component test on a wall-to-floor system were conducted. The lateral resistance test indicated that the current European Yield Models can be used to calculate the yield loads and yield mode of the MPP by using the dowel-bearing strength of plywood. Three different connection configurations were tested in two distinct loading directions—shear and withdrawal. Their performances are evaluated and compared using two existing engineering models—namely, the American Society of Civil Engineers 41-13 tri-linear model and the seismic analysis of wood-frame structures 10-parameter connection model.

Parameters Study of Steel Concentrically-Braced Frames Using IDA

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Zhi Qian Dong ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hong Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Incremental Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Braced Frames ◽  
Concentrically Braced Frames ◽  
Study Variable ◽  
Concentrically Braced ◽  
Moderate Seismic Regions

Steel concentrically-braced frames (CBFs) as a lateral force resisting system are widely used in moderate seismic regions. The collapse capacity of CBF is uncertain in prior study so that an appropriate analysis method is hard to hunt. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is an efficient method to evaluate the dynamic instability of structure. The IDA is incorporated in evaluation of collapse capacity of CBFs systems and IDA-based collapse ductility spectra of CBFs are concluded in this study. Variable periods range of CBFs systems considering reserve capacity are determined based on the IDA.

scholarly journals DURABILITY OF MASS TIMBER STRUCTURES: A REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGICAL RISKS

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Wang ◽  
R Stirling ◽  
Paul I. Morris ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
J. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Timber Structures ◽  
Mass Timber
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