DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF GARAGE DEFROSTING OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Research methods. In the course of the research methods of analysis and logic were used to evaluate scientific and technical publications related to the development and calculation of the capacity of technical devices of cargo stations and unloading complexes. Results. The method of estimating the capacity of defrosting garages of the transport system of an industrial enterprise is developed in the work. The developed method is based on the comparison of the calculated and required capacity of garages for defrosting of large unloading complexes of industrial enterprises. The need to introduce the reserve capacity of defrosting garages in connection with the influence of dynamic factors into the model is substantiated during the research. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Practical value. The developed method of capacity assessment allows to optimally, comprehensively synchronize the operation of defrost garages and unloading complex with processing capacity and thus increase the efficiency of management of the transport system of an industrial enterprise.

Reactivity of the Blood Microcirculation System in Primary School Children to the Temperature Factor

The purpose of the study was to investigate the adaptive capacity of the blood microcirculation system in children of primary school age for a functional test with heating. The article deals with the study of the blood microcirculation system in primary school children by laser Doppler flowmetry and the study of the reserve capacity of tissue blood flow in children on a test with increasing temperature factor. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of physiological research of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of People and Animals of Bohdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University. The surveyed contingent consisted of 80 practically healthy children aged 6 to 9 years old, secondary school students in Melitopol. Based on a comprehensive morphofunctional study, we obtained data on individual-typological features of blood microcirculation in primary school children and the reserve capacity of tissue blood flow using functional tests. It is established that the adaptive features of the blood microcirculation system in boys and girls of early school age are due to different levels of local and central mechanisms of microvessel regulation. Results and discussion. The results obtained during the thermal test indicate different levels of reactivity of the body to increasing the temperature factor and the neurogenic vasoconstrictor effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the vessels of the arteriolar part of the microcirculatory tract. The reaction to the thermal test directly depends on the individual-typological features of blood microcirculation. Conclusion. At a ratio of reaction to thermal influence in children with various types of microcirculation, the maximum increase in tissue perfusion was observed in children with type III of laser Doppler flowgram. This level of microvascular reactivity, as well as the relatively rapid recovery of blood flow after thermal hyperemia is explained by the fact that children with hyperemic type of microcirculation have increased microvascular tone due to neurogenic effects of the sympathetic chain of tissue blood flow regulation. Children with the hypoemic type of microcirculation, on the other hand, have a somewhat reduced sympathetic tone relative to the normoemic type, as a result of which the reserve of capillary blood flow is reduced and the time of blood flow recovery after thermal exposure is prolonged

Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity as a Predictor of Postoperative Delirium: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Compromised regulation of the cerebral circulation may be a predisposing factor for delirium. However, the potential relationship between cerebrovascular reserve capacity and delirium is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity was associated with postoperative delirium.Methods: Forty-two patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with CPB were recruited consecutively. All patients underwent preoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound with calculation of breath-hold index (BHI). BHI < 0.69 indicated impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity. In addition, patients were examined with preoperative neuropsychological tests such as MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) and AQT (A Quick Test of cognitive speed). Postoperative delirium was assessed using Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) in which a score of ≥2 was considered as delirium.Results: Six patients (14%) scored high for postoperative delirium and all demonstrated impaired preoperative cerebrovascular reserve capacity. Median (25th−75th percentile) BHI in patients with postoperative delirium was significantly lower compared to the non-delirium group [0.26 (−0.08–0.44) vs. 0.83 (0.57–1.08), p = 0.002]. Preoperative MMSE score was lower in patients who developed postoperative delirium (median, 25th−75th percentile; 26.5, 24–28 vs. 28.5, 27–29, p = 0.024). Similarly, patients with postoperative delirium also displayed a slower performance during the preoperative cognitive speed test AQT color and form (mean ± SD; 85.8 s ± 19.3 vs. 69.6 s ± 15.8, p = 0.043).Conclusion: The present findings suggest that an extended preoperative ultrasound protocol with TCD evaluation of cerebrovascular reserve capacity and neuropsychological tests may be valuable in identifying patients with increased risk of developing delirium after cardiac surgery.

The Reserve/Maximum Capacity of Melatonin’s Synthetic Function for the Potential Dimorphism of Melatonin Production and Its Biological Significance in Mammals

In this article, we attempt to classify a potential dimorphism of melatonin production. Thus, a new concept of “reserve or maximum capacity of melatonin synthetic function” is introduced to explain the subtle dimorphism of melatonin production in mammals. Considering ASMT/ASMTL genes in the pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosomes with high prevalence of mutation in males, as well as the sex bias of the mitochondria in which melatonin is synthesized, we hypothesize the existence of a dimorphism in melatonin production to favor females, which are assumed to possess a higher reserve capacity for melatonin synthesis than males. Under physiological conditions, this subtle dimorphism is masked by the fact that cells or tissues only need baseline melatonin production, which can be accomplished without exploiting the full potential of melatonin’s synthetic capacity. This capacity is believed to exceed the already remarkable nocturnal increase as observed within the circadian cycle. However, during aging or under stressful conditions, the reserve capacity of melatonin’s synthetic function is required to be activated to produce sufficiently high levels of melatonin for protective purposes. Females seem to possess a higher reserve/maximum capacity for producing more melatonin than males. Thus, this dimorphism of melatonin production becomes manifest and detectable under these conditions. The biological significance of the reserve/maximum capacity of melatonin’s synthetic function is to improve the recovery rate of organisms from injury, to increase resistance to pathogen infection, and even to enhance their chances of survival by maximizing melatonin production under stressful conditions. The higher reserve/maximum capacity of melatonin synthesis in females may also contribute to the dimorphism in longevity, favoring females in mammals.

The comparative energetics of the turtles and crocodiles

The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 92 species of turtles and 23 species of crocodiles. We discuss patterns of eco-physiological traits of turtles and crocodiles, as functions of parameter values, and compare them with other taxa. Turtles and crocodiles accurately match the general rule that the life-time cumulated neonate mass production equals ultimate weight. The weight at birth for reptiles scales with ultimate weight to the power 0.6. The scaling exponent is between that of amphibians and birds, while that for mammals is close to 1. We explain why this points to limitations imposed by embryonic respiration, the role of water stress and the accumulation of nitrogen waste during the embryo stage. Weight at puberty is proportional to ultimate weight, and is the largest for crocodiles, followed by that of turtles. These facts explain why the precociality coefficient – approximated by the ratio of weight at birth and weight at puberty at abundant food – decreases with ultimate weight. It is the smallest for crocodile,s because of their large size, while that lizards and snakes are much larger than for turtles. The maximum reserve capacity in both turtles and crocodiles clearly decreases with the precociality coefficient. This relationship has not be found that clearly in other taxa, not even in other reptiles. Crocodiles have a relatively large assimilation rate and, as consequence, a large reserve capacity. Sea-turtles have a small weight and age at birth, which we link to reducing risks on the beach.

Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of Mallard and Black Swan in a Small Freshwater Lake

<p>Section 1. Limnological and waterfowl food supply characteristics of Pukepuke Lagoon are described. Emphasis is placed on describing how the balance between macrophytes and phytoplankton is established (these two forms of vegetation tend to dominate alternately in the lagoon). The question of whether heavy swan grazing may potentially shift this balance in favour of phytoplankton dominance is examined. Section 2. The year-round patterns of feeding exhibited by mallards are described on the basis of scan counts taken at one or two-hourly intervals from dawn to dusk. These feeding patterns, graphically depicted, are then interpreted and discussed against the background of what is known of the food content of the lagoon. Reference is made to the behavioural and physiological adaptability of the birds, and to the reserve capacity of the wetland complex - not just Pukepuke Lagoon - to sustain them. The relevance of these findings and interpretations, to New Zealand in general is discussed. Section 3. An hypothesis is developed to account for the way in which black swans use various waters in the Pukepuke-centred wetland complex.</p>

Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of Mallard and Black Swan in a Small Freshwater Lake

<p>Section 1. Limnological and waterfowl food supply characteristics of Pukepuke Lagoon are described. Emphasis is placed on describing how the balance between macrophytes and phytoplankton is established (these two forms of vegetation tend to dominate alternately in the lagoon). The question of whether heavy swan grazing may potentially shift this balance in favour of phytoplankton dominance is examined. Section 2. The year-round patterns of feeding exhibited by mallards are described on the basis of scan counts taken at one or two-hourly intervals from dawn to dusk. These feeding patterns, graphically depicted, are then interpreted and discussed against the background of what is known of the food content of the lagoon. Reference is made to the behavioural and physiological adaptability of the birds, and to the reserve capacity of the wetland complex - not just Pukepuke Lagoon - to sustain them. The relevance of these findings and interpretations, to New Zealand in general is discussed. Section 3. An hypothesis is developed to account for the way in which black swans use various waters in the Pukepuke-centred wetland complex.</p>

Anatomy and Histologic of Intrinsic Aging Skin

Aging is an inevitable and dynamic biological process that is characterized by the progressive deterioration of body systems and declines in physiological reserve capacity. Aging skin has distinct two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic changes reduce collagen production, blood flow, amount of skin lipid, and loss of rete ridges. Intrinsic aging or chronological aging is cannot be restored to the skin with characterized by sagging skin and some expression of excess wrinkling lines. Intrinsic aging changes in thickness and characteristics of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Histologically, epidermis thinner by leveling off the dermo-epidermal junction. In the dermis, collagen fibers become thicker and irregular than younger skin, reducing the elasticity of the skin, while hypodermis reduces lipid volume.

Optimal Reserve and Energy Scheduling for a Virtual Power Plant Considering Reserve Activation Probability

With the increasing share of variable and limitedly predictable renewable energy in power systems worldwide, ensuring reserve capacity to maintain the balance of supply and demand becomes more important. On the other hand, the development of the virtual power plant model (VPP) allows renewable sources and energy storage to participate in reserve service. This paper addresses the optimal reserve bidding strategy problem of a VPP comprising of renewable energy resources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and several customers. The VPP participates in balance capacity (BC), day-ahead (DA), and intra-day (ID) markets. The scheduling problem is formulated as a two-stage chance-constrained optimization model taking the uncertainty of RESs production, load consumption, and probability of reserve activation into account. The response of VPP after its reserve capacity is called and generated is also considered to increase the operational flexibility of VPP. The proposed model is implemented on a test VPP system, and the effects of RESs sizing, ESSs sizing, and the probability of reserve activation are analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed model can perform well under real-world conditions.