First report of a North American invasive mosquito species Ochlerotatus atropalpus (Coquillett) in the Netherlands, 2009

In late August and early September 2009, numerous larvae, pupae, and actively flying adult specimens of Ochlerotatus atropalpus were discovered in the Province of Brabant, southern Netherlands, during surveillance activities for Aedes albopictus at two trading companies that import used tires. No Ae. albopictus were found. Both companies mainly import used tires from countries in Europe, but also from North America. Oc. atropalpus is endemic to North America and has so far only been found outside of its endemic range in Europe, namely France and Italy, where it was subsequently eradicated. A preliminary modelling study shows that the weather conditions in the Netherlands are unlikely to prevent establishment of Oc. atropalpus. This species has so far only been shown to serve as a vector for virus transmission under laboratory conditions. Studies on potential human and veterinary health risks, as well as possible control strategies are currently ongoing.

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Risk-Based and Adaptive Invasive Mosquito Surveillance at Lucky Bamboo and Used Tire Importers in the Netherlands

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.2987/20-6914.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia ◽

Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt ◽

Arjan Stroo ◽

Ron van Lammeren ◽

Willem Takken

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Dutch Government ◽

Invasive Mosquito Species ◽

Management Measures ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

Dracaena Sanderiana ◽

Governmental Management

ABSTRACT The detection of Aedes albopictus in Lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) greenhouses and Ae. atropalpus at used tire importers illustrates that the Netherlands is exposed to the risk of introductions of invasive mosquito species (IMS). In this study we implemented a risk-based and adaptive surveillance (2010–16) in order to detect introductions and prevent potential proliferation of IMS at these locations. Results at Lucky bamboo greenhouses show that interceptions of Ae. albopictus occurred every year, with 2010 and 2012 being the years with most locations found positive for this species (n = 6), and 2015 the year with the highest percentage of positive samples (4.1%). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that Ae. japonicus can also be associated with the import of Lucky bamboo. At used tire companies, IMS were found at 12 locations. Invasive mosquito species identified were Ae. albopictus, Ae. atropalpus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. japonicus, of which Ae. albopictus has been found every year since 2010. The proportion of samples containing IMS was significantly higher before application of a covenant between the used tire importers and the Dutch government in 2013 (12.96%) than in the successive 3 years (2014 [6.93%], 2015 [4.24%], 2016 [5.09%], 1-sided binomial test, P < 0.01). It is concluded that risk-based and adaptive surveillance is an effective methodology for detection of IMS, and that application of governmental management measures in combination with mosquito control has stabilized the situation.

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Preliminary Report of the Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Aedes Albopictus in Bangladesh

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0454 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin ◽

Seth Irish ◽

Audrey Lenhart ◽

Mohammad Shafiul Alam

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Routine Monitoring ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

Arboviral Diseases ◽

And Control ◽

Effective Drugs ◽

Susceptibility Status

Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species and a vector of human arboviral diseases including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. There are no effective drugs or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of most of these diseases, so the primary option for disease prevention and control is to target mosquitoes, often using insecticides. Despite vector control efforts, cases of arboviral diseases are increasing in Bangladesh and it is important to understand if this escalation is associated with the presence of insecticide resistance in Aedes populations, including Ae. albopictus. The CDC bottle bioassays performed on Ae. albopictus from two districts in Bangladesh detected resistance to permethrin but susceptibility to deltamethrin, malathion, and bendiocarb. The detection of permethrin resistance is worrisome, since arbovirus vector control strategies in Bangladesh currently include the use of permethrin. Routine monitoring of the susceptibility status of key vector populations in Bangladesh will allow a better understanding of resistance trends, enabling the strengthening of control strategies.

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Susceptibility Status of a Recently Introduced Population of Aedes albopictus to Insecticides Used by the Vector Control Program in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.2987/20-6937.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 164-168

Author(s):

Y. Contreras-Perera ◽

G. Gonzá lez-Olvera ◽

A. Che-Mendoza ◽

P. Mis-Avila ◽

J. Palacio-Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Control Program ◽

Suburban Area ◽

Vector Control Program ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

Established Population

ABSTRACT In recent years, Aedes albopictus has become the most important invasive mosquito species worldwide. In 2018, Ae. albopictus was found in a suburban area of Merida, one of the cities with the highest number of arbovirus cases in Mexico in the last 10 years. As Ae. albopictus continues its range expansion, there is a need to monitor its susceptibility to existing insecticide classes, since countries like Mexico currently do not consider Ae. albopictus in its insecticide management programs. In order to determine its susceptibility to the insecticides usually applied by the vector control program in Mexico, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays were performed on individuals from established population of Ae. albopictus from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Results suggested that the population recently found in the suburban area of Merida is susceptible to permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, bendiocarb, and propoxur. Further studies of insecticide resistance using biochemical and molecular tools together with more knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species are necessary to generate specific and efficient control strategies in Mexico.

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Effects of Selection to Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Var. Israelensis on the Overwintering Successes of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12090822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

Charalampos S. Ioannou ◽

Christos Hadjichristodoulou ◽

Varvara A. Mouchtouri ◽

Nikos T. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Selection Process ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Control Programmes ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

In The Wild ◽

Successive Generations

Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species responsible for local transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Europe. In the absence of available treatments, insecticides-based control remains one of the most important viable strategies to prevent emerging problems. Diflubenzuron (DFB) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) are among the most commonly used larvicides for Ae. albopictus control with consequent concerns for the potential development of resistance. Studies on the resistance emergence in Ae. albopictus and its persistence in the wild to both DFB and Bti are essential for the efficient and sustainable planning of the control programmes. In this context, larvae from a recently laboratory established population were subjected to increasing selective pressure for nine successive generations using both DFB and Bti. The resistance levels and the overwintering success of the selected populations relative to control (colonies that received no selection) were determined. Results revealed an 8.5- and 1.6-fold increase on the resistance levels following selection with DFB and Bti, respectively. The selection process to both larvicides had no apparent impacts on the overwintering capability relative to control, suggesting the successful persistence of the selected individuals in the wild on an annual base.

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Practical management plan for invasive mosquito species in Europe: I. Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 101691 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Romeo Bellini ◽

Antonios Michaelakis ◽

Dušan Petrić ◽

Francis Schaffner ◽

Bulent Alten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Management Plan ◽

Asian Tiger Mosquito ◽

Invasive Mosquito Species ◽

Practical Management ◽

Asian Tiger ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

Tiger Mosquito

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Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10060173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Samuel Karungu ◽

Evans Atoni ◽

Joseph Ogalo ◽

Caroline Mwaliko ◽

Bernard Agwanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Health Concern ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Vector Management ◽

Invasive Mosquito ◽

Parasitic Pathogens

Kenya is among the most affected tropical countries with pathogen transmitting Culicidae vectors. For decades, insect vectors have contributed to the emergence and distribution of viral and parasitic pathogens. Outbreaks and diseases have a great impact on a country’s economy, as resources that would otherwise be used for developmental projects are redirected to curb hospitalization cases and manage outbreaks. Infected invasive mosquito species have been shown to increasingly cross both local and global boarders due to the presence of increased environmental changes, trade, and tourism. In Kenya, there have been several mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as the recent outbreaks along the coast of Kenya, involving chikungunya and dengue. This certainly calls for the implementation of strategies aimed at strengthening integrated vector management programs. In this review, we look at mosquitoes of public health concern in Kenya, while highlighting the pathogens they have been linked with over the years and across various regions. In addition, the major strategies that have previously been used in mosquito control and what more could be done to reduce or combat the menace caused by these hematophagous vectors are presented.

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