scholarly journals Netherlands to introduce routine HIV testing of pregnant women

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Blommerde
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child

Beginning in January 2004, screening tests for HIV are to be offered to all pregnant women in the Netherlands on an 'opt-out' basis to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child.

Addressing Human Rights Concerns Raised by Mandatory HIV Testing of Pregnant Women through the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Durojaye
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Women’S Human Rights ◽  
African Charter ◽  
Women's Human Rights ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child

AbstractThis article considers the importance of preventing mother to child transmission of HIV in Africa. It argues, however, that any approach to achieving this aim must be consistent with respect for human rights. In particular, it argues that mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women violates their rights to autonomy, health and reproductive care, and non-discrimination, all guaranteed in the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women and other international and regional human rights instruments. It concludes by arguing that respect for women's human rights should form the fulcrum for any call for mandatory or routine HIV testing of pregnant women in Africa.

scholarly journals Does facility readiness promote high-quality of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling to pregnant women? A national survey for improving policy of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Bintabara ◽  
Athanase Lilungulu ◽  
Shakilu Jumanne ◽  
Mzee M. Nassoro ◽  
Bonaventura C. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Facility Readiness ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Background Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) is a recommended approach to screen for HIV to all pregnant women during antenatal care (ANC) visits, and all with HIV positive results have to be enrolled into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program. However, little is known about the relationship between facility readiness and the uptake of PITC to pregnant women attending ANC in Tanzania. Therefore, this study assessed whether the facility readiness promotes the uptake of PITC to the pregnant women attending ANC for the purpose of improving the PMTCT interventions in Tanzania. Methods This study analyzed data for health facilities obtained from the 2014–2015 Tanzania service provision assessment survey. The Primary outcome measure was a composite variable (with score of 0–5) in which its higher scores indicates provision of high-quality of PITC. Also, facilities scored higher in the PMTCT service readiness index were considered to have high readiness to provide PMTCT services. In Poisson regression analyses, a series of models were fitted to assess whether there is an association between provision of high-quality of PITC and facility readiness. In all statistical analysis, a P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 1853 included first-visit ANC consultations, only about one-third of pregnant women received all five components required for PITC. The mean percentage of PMTCT readiness score was moderate 63.96 [61.32–66.59]%. In adjusted model, we found that facility with high readiness to provide PMTCT services was significantly associated with the provision of high-quality of PITC (model 2: [β = 0.075, P = 0.00]). Conclusion In order to increase high-quality of PITC services, efforts should be made to improve the PMTCT facility readiness by increasing availability of trained staffs, diagnostic tools, and ARTs among health facilities in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Testing strategies for couple engagement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and family health in Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Kwena ◽  
Liza Kimbo ◽  
Lynae A. Darbes ◽  
Abigail M. Hatcher ◽  
Anna Helova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Background HIV-related maternal deaths and HIV infection among infants remain unacceptably high across sub-Saharan Africa despite increased antenatal care attendance and provision of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant women. In the Jamii Bora (“Better Family” in Swahili) Study, we seek to test the efficacy of an interdependence theory-based couple intervention. The intervention reaches pregnant women and male partners through home visits by male-female pairs of lay health workers. The aim is to increase access to home-based couples’ HIV testing and counseling services to improve family health. Methods This is a three-arm randomized control trial among 1080 pregnant women 15 years of age or older, living with their male partners, and who have not undergone couples’ HIV testing and counseling in Kisumu and Migori Counties in Kenya. Couples will be randomized into three groups: home-based couple visits, HIV self-testing kits for couple use, or standard care (male partner clinic invitation letters). Participants will be followed up to 18 months postpartum. The study has three aims: in aim 1, we will determine the effects of the intervention on our primary outcome of couple HIV testing, compared to HIV self-testing kits and standard care; in aim 2, we will examine the intervention impact on HIV prevention behaviors, facility delivery, and postnatal healthcare utilization, as well as secondary health outcomes of maternal viral suppression and HIV-free child survival up to 18 months for couples living with HIV; and in aim 3, we will compare the cost-effectiveness of the home-based couple intervention to the less resource-intensive strategies used in the other two study arms. Assessments with couples are conducted at baseline, late pregnancy, and at months 3, 6, 12, and 18 after birth. Discussion The results from this study will inform decision-makers about the cost-effective strategies to engage pregnant couples in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission and family health, with important downstream benefits for maternal, paternal, and infant health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03547739. Registered on May 9, 2018

scholarly journals Statistical models for incorporating data from routine HIV testing of pregnant women at antenatal clinics into HIV/AIDS epidemic estimates

AIDS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S87-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Sheng ◽  
Kimberly Marsh ◽  
Aleksandra B. Slavkovic ◽  
Simon Gregson ◽  
Jeffrey W. Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Differential Effects of an Opt-Out HIV Testing Policy for Pregnant Women in Ethiopia When Accounting for Stigma: Secondary Analysis of DHS Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Kaufman ◽  
Alyssa Mooney ◽  
Lakew Abebe Gebretsadik ◽  
Morankar N. Sudhakar ◽  
Rachel Rieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Opt Out

Greater Acceptance of Routine HIV Testing (Opt-Out) by Patients Attending an Infectious Disease Unit in Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jover-Diaz ◽  
Jose-Maria Cuadrado ◽  
Mariano Matarranz ◽  
Elena Calabuig
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Disease Unit ◽  
Serology Testing

Objective: Our objective was to determine attitudes and opinions of patients seen in our ID Unit on conducting HIV testing universally. Methods: The survey was conducted in patients between 18 and 65 years without known HIV infection. Requested information about the test was previous embodiment, reasons for rejection, opinion on the universal realization, benefits and/or drawbacks, possible test performance, and availability of results “test negative stigma.” Results: We surveyed 91 patients (54.9% males). Surprisingly, up to 18.7% of patients mistakenly believed that HIV testing is routinely performed without consent. A great majority (98.9%) felt that universal performance on the test would benefit mainly in early diagnosing and/or preventing transmission. Patients younger than 42 years were significantly more prone to doing the test as a routine procedure. Only 4 (4.4%) patients did not participate because they believed they were “not infected.” A vast majority (80.5%) of respondents would prefer to have results within the first 24 hours. In addition, 20.7% would have a problem with confidentiality if HIV serology testing was done. Conclusions: In summary, the vast majority (95.6%) of the surveyed patients had a fair opinion about universal HIV testing. Only 4 patients (4.4%) would not consent to HIV testing (because of low-risk perception). Availability of rapid HIV tests can facilitate fast result delivery, facilitating linkage to care. Considering favorable patients' opinion, recent opt-out screening recommendations, highest HIV prevalence in admitted patients, and cost-effectiveness, studies favor universal HIV testing.

scholarly journals Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ketut Espana Giri ◽  
Ni Made Sri Nopiyani ◽  
Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Village Health

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of community health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of  public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is to involve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of interventional package on knowledge and attitude towards prenatal HIV testing and mother to child transmission among antenatal mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1729-1733
Author(s):  
Priyadarsini A ◽  
Priya O S
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Mother To Child

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that assaults immune cells called CD4 cells, which are a kind of T cell. These are white platelets that move around the body, recognizing flaws and inconsistencies in cells just as contaminations. The present study aimed to effectiveness of interventional package on knowledge and attitude towards prenatal HIV testing and parent to child transmission among pregnant women in selected settings.60 pregnant women sample in Quantitative approach with Pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design, sample selection was done by Non Probability – Purposive Sampling Technique, Effectiveness of structured teaching programme in meaning pregnant women gained 35% etiology and effects gained 31% in management and precautions in PCT pregnant women gained 41% prevention 36.8% overall they gained 37.28% and Attitude gained 23.3% after intervention. Pre-existing knowledge was assessed by using semi structured teaching programme, pregnant mothers gained 23.3% more knowledge score than pretest score and the mean difference is 12.80 by using generalized McNamara’s chi-square test, it is statistically significant. In pretest, mothers were having 10.77score whereas, in post-test they were having 23.57 score. Difference score is 12.80.The difference is large and it is statistically significant. Successful intervention toward prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and achieving the goal of eliminating the new HIV infection is highly dependent on everyone; especially, women of child-bearing age should have accurate and up-to-date knowledge about HIV transmission, risk of transmission to babies, and possible interventions.

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