From Automated to Manual - Modeling Control Transitions with SUMO

Transitions of Control (ToC) play an important role in the simulative impact assessment of automated driving because they may represent major perturbations of smooth and safe traffic operation. The drivers' efforts to take back control from the automation are accompanied by a change of driving behavior and may lead to increased error rates, altered headways, safety critical situations, and, in the case of a failing takeover, even to minimum risk maneuvers. In this work we present modeling approaches for these processes, which have been introduced into SUMO recently in the framework of the TransAID project. Further, we discuss the results of an evaluation of some hierarchical traffic management (TM) procedures devised to ameliorate related disturbances in transition areas, i.e., zones of increased probability for the automation to request a ToC.

Download Full-text

Regional traffic operation and vehicle emission impact assessment of lane management policies

Research in Transportation Economics ◽

10.1016/j.retrec.2021.101067 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101067

Author(s):

Farinoush Sharifi ◽

Alexander Meitiv ◽

Jeff Shelton ◽

Xiaodan Xu ◽

Mark Burris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Assessment ◽

Vehicle Emission ◽

Management Policies ◽

Traffic Operation

Download Full-text

Concept of an Ontology for Automated Vehicle Behavior in the Context of Human-Centered Research on Automated Driving Styles

Information ◽

10.3390/info12010021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Johannes Ossig ◽

Stephanie Cramer ◽

Klaus Bengler

Keyword(s):

Driving Behavior ◽

Automation System ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Driving Style ◽

Driving Experience ◽

Automated Vehicle ◽

Future Design ◽

Vehicle System ◽

The Future ◽

Conceptual Distinction

In the human-centered research on automated driving, it is common practice to describe the vehicle behavior by means of terms and definitions related to non-automated driving. However, some of these definitions are not suitable for this purpose. This paper presents an ontology for automated vehicle behavior which takes into account a large number of existing definitions and previous studies. This ontology is characterized by an applicability for various levels of automated driving and a clear conceptual distinction between characteristics of vehicle occupants, the automation system, and the conventional characteristics of a vehicle. In this context, the terms ‘driveability’, ‘driving behavior’, ‘driving experience’, and especially ‘driving style’, which are commonly associated with non-automated driving, play an important role. In order to clarify the relationships between these terms, the ontology is integrated into a driver-vehicle system. Finally, the ontology developed here is used to derive recommendations for the future design of automated driving styles and in general for further human-centered research on automated driving.

Download Full-text

Assessments of Real-Time Communications over TSN Automotive Networks

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10050556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Lucia Lo Bello ◽

Gaetano Patti ◽

Giancarlo Vasta

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Real Time ◽

Communication System ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Real Time Traffic ◽

Management Scheme ◽

Event Driven ◽

Automotive Networks

The IEEE 802.1Q-2018 standard embeds in Ethernet bridges novel features that are very important for automated driving, such as the support for time-driven communications. However, cars move in a world where unpredictable events may occur and determine unforeseen situations. To properly react to such situations, the in-car communication system has to support event-driven transmissions with very low and bounded delays. This work provides the performance evaluation of EDSched, a traffic management scheme for IEEE 802.1Q bridges and end nodes that introduces explicit support for event-driven real-time traffic. EDSched works at the MAC layer and builds upon the mechanisms defined in the IEEE 802.1Q-2018 standard.

Download Full-text

Communicating Issues in Automated Driving to Surrounding Traffic - How should an Automated Vehicle Communicate a Minimum Risk Maneuver via eHMI and/or dHMI?

Communications in Computer and Information Science - HCI International 2020 – Late Breaking Posters ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-60703-6_79 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 619-626

Author(s):

Julian Schindler ◽

Domenic Lysander Herbig ◽

Merle Lau ◽

Michael Oehl

Keyword(s):

Automated Driving ◽

Minimum Risk ◽

Automated Vehicle

Download Full-text

Safety-Critical Systems in Air Traffic Management

Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Dependable Computing ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-45214-0_2 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Eno Siewerdt

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Air Traffic Management ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Critical Systems ◽

Safety Critical ◽

Safety Critical Systems

Download Full-text

Trust Strategies and Policies in Complex Socio-technical Safety-Critical Domains: An Analysis of the Air Traffic Management Domain

Rapid Integration of Software Engineering Techniques - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-71876-5_4 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 51-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Massimo Felici

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Air Traffic Management ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Safety Critical ◽

Management Domain ◽

Technical Safety

Download Full-text

A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 1532-1536

Author(s):

Nicole M. Corcoran ◽

Daniel V. McGehee ◽

T. Zachary Noonan

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Automated Vehicles ◽

Automated Driving ◽

The Public ◽

Environment Research ◽

Operational Design ◽

Take Back ◽

Driving Task ◽

Over Time

In 2019, industry is in the testing stages of level 4 SAE/NHTSA automated vehicles. While in testing, L4 vehicles require a safety driver to monitor the driving task at all times. These specially trained drivers must take back control if the vehicle doesn’t seem to be responding correctly to the ever-changing roadway and environment. Research suggests that monitoring the driving task can lead to a decrease in vigilance over time. Recently, Waymo publicly released takeover request and mileage data on its 2018 L4 autonomous vehicle takeover requests. From this data, which was represented in mileage, we created temporal metric which showed that there were typically 150-250 hours without a takeover request. From this we suggest that there may be a decrement in vigilance for Waymo safety drivers. While there are still many unknowns, we suggest Waymo release takeover requests in terms of time rather than mileage and provide more information on the operational design domains of these vehicles. Expanding the content of this publicly-released data could then give researchers and the public more understanding of the conditions under which safety drivers are functioning.

Download Full-text

Integrated Safety and Operational Analysis of the Access Design of Managed Toll Lanes

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118823502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (2) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moatz Saad ◽

Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽

Jaeyoung Lee ◽

Ling Wang

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Lane Change ◽

Average Delay ◽

Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽

Delay Performance ◽

Time To Collision ◽

Operational Analysis ◽

Safety Improvement ◽

Traffic Operation

Managed lanes (MLs) have been implemented as a vital strategy for traffic management and traffic safety improvement. The majority of previous studies involving MLs have adopted a limited scope of examining the effect of MLs segments as a whole, without considering the safety and operational effects of the design of access to the MLs. In the study, several scenarios were tested using microscopic traffic simulation to determine the optimal access design while taking into consideration accessibility levels and weaving lengths. The studied accessibility levels varied from one to three along the studied network. Both safety (i.e., speed standard deviation, time-to-collision, and conflict rate) and operation (i.e., level of service, average speed, average delay) performance measures were included in the analysis. Tobit models were developed for investigating the factors that affect the safety measures. ANOVA and LOS calculations were used to evaluate traffic operation. The results of the safety and operational analysis suggested that one accessibility level is the optimal option in the nine-mile network. A weaving length between 1,000 feet and 1,400 feet per lane change was suggested based on the safety analysis. In addition, from the operation perspective, a weaving length between 1,000 feet and 2,000 feet per lane change was recommended. The results also showed that off-peak periods had better safety and operational performance (e.g., lower conflict rate, less delay) than peak periods. This study has major implications for improving MLs by recommending the optimal accessibility level and weaving length near access zones.

Download Full-text