scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Invariant Assertions, Invariant Relations, and Invariant Functions

10.29007/zhz4 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Louhichi ◽  
Olfa Mraihi ◽  
Lamia Labed Jilani ◽  
Ali Mili
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Invariant Functions ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Alternative Means

Invariant assertions play an important role in the analysis and documentation of while loops of imperative programs. Invariant functions and invariant relations are alternative analysis tools that are distinct from invariant assertions but are related to them. In this paper we discuss these three concepts and analyze their relationships. The study of invariant functions and invariant relations is interesting not only because it provides alternative means to analyze loops, but also because it gives us insights into the structure of invariant assertions, and may help us enhance techniques for generating invariant assertions.

A Comparative Study of Sentiment Analysis Tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabanita Das ◽  
Saloni Gupta ◽  
Srinjoy Das ◽  
Shuvam Yadav ◽  
Trishika Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tools

scholarly journals The in-store shopping experience: A comparative study of supermarket and clothing store customers

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Terblanche ◽  
C. Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Clothing Store ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Retail Managers

Various developments continually pressurise retailers to find new and innovative ways to differentiate themselves from competitors and adapt to ever-changing and accelerating environmental circumstances. Positioning based on customers’ in-store shopping experience (ISE) offers retailers an alternative means of differentiation and is achieved by providing a superior in-store shopping experience. The ISE instrument that has been developed to measure customers’ in store shopping experience is used in this study to compare the in-store shopping experiences of customers of two diverse retailing environments (supermarkets versus clothing retailers) by assessing its impact on customer retention. A proposition is formulated and the findings reported. The implications of ISE and customer retention for retail managers are also dealt with.

Automated surface shape optimisation in the MDO project

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (1026) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. B. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Shape Optimisation ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Geometrical Modelling ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Surface shape optimisation was one of several topics researched under the multi-disciplinary optimisation (MDO) project. Several project partners participated in this activity which set out to develop, validate and demonstrate a number of technical issues related to automated shape design. Each of the participants brought together in-house and/or commercial analysis tools, a variety of different modelling and optimisation techniques, and common database and model generation methods. The objectives of this work were to validate the methodologies established in the preliminary MDO project phase and to demonstrate the optimisation process when applied to a simplified civil aircraft wing design problem. Several issues were central to the investigation, including alternative means of parametric descriptions for the wing surface shape, alternative optimisation strategies for wing MDO, and the impact of different levels of physical and geometrical modelling on MDO performance and resulting product optima. The outcomes of this work demonstrate the need for advanced analysis tools to be incorporated into aerospace vehicle design problems at a relatively early stage and highlight the dangers of over-simplification of the vehicle model.

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