scholarly journals AKTIVITAS LIGNINOLISIS DARI BASIDIOMYCETES YANG DAPAT DIPAKAI UNTUK BIODEGRADASI DIOKSIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nuki Bambang Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran

Chemical compounds belonging to dioxin group are known to be highly toxic environmental pollutant. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran are produced during organic materials burning process. Pentachlorophenol, a compound similar to dioxin, is widely used as wood preservative, fungicide, bacteriocide, herbicide, algicide and insecticide. Some white-rot fungi have potential to produce lignin degrading enzyme and degrade dioxin compounds. The diversity of white-rot fungi in Indonesia provides potential source for environmental pollutant-degrading microorganisms. In this study, basidiomycetes were isolated from fruiting body and rotted wood samples which were collected from seven provinces in Indonesia. Three hundred seventy basidiomycete isolates were screened for dioxin degrading activity using dye-decolorization method. The result indicated that sixty isolates had dioxin degrading activity, three of which showed significant activity.Keywords: Ligninolytic, basidiomycetes, biodegradation, dioxin, fungus ABSTRAKSenyawa-senyawa kimia dalam kelompok dioksin telah diketahui sebagai polutan lingkungan yang sangat beracun. Dibenzo-p-dioksin terpoliklorinasi dan dibenzofuran terpoliklorinasi dihasilkan selama proses pembakaran bahan-bahan organik. Pentaklorofenol, suatu senyawa mirip dioksin, banyak digunakan sebagai pengawet kayu, fungisida, bakterisida, herbisida, algisida dan insektisida. Beberapa jamur pelapuk putih memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan enzim pengurai lignin dan mendegradasi senyawa-senyawa dioksin. Keanekaragaman jamur pelapuk putih di Indonesia yang tinggi merupakan sumber potensial mikroorganisme pengurai polutan lingkungan. Pada kajian ini, basidiomisetes diisolasi dari sampel-sampel tubuh buah dan kayu lapuk yang diambil dari tujuh provinsi di Indonesia. Tiga ratus tujuh puluh isolat basidiomisetes telah diseleksi aktivitasnya sebagai pendegradasi dioksin. Metode dye-decolorization digunakan pada seleksi ini. Hasil seleksi menunjukkan bahwa enam puluh isolat basidiomisetes memiliki aktivitas sebagai pendegradasi dioksin, tiga isolat di antaranya menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi.Kata kunci: Ligninolisis, basidiomisetes, biodegradasi, dioksin, jamur 

Condensed conifer tannins as antifungal agents in liquid culture

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Kaisa Anttila ◽  
Anna Maria Pirttilä ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Anni Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

Abstract In the last decades, many wood preservatives have been prohibited for their ecotoxicity. The present article is focusing on the conifer-derived condensed tannins as environment-friendly options for the substitution of artificial wood preservatives. Eight different tannin fractions were extracted from spruce cones, spruce barks, and pine cones. The parameters of tannin extraction, such as the methods of purification and concentration of active components in the extracts, have been investigated. The cone and bark extracts were tested for the growth inhibition of eight brown-rot fungi, three white-rot fungi, and four soft-rot fungi in liquid cultures. The cone tannins provided a more efficient fungal growth inhibition than bark tannins. Purification increased the antifungal properties of the extracts. The growth of brown-rot fungi was inhibited by the tannins already at low concentrations. However, the extracts were not effective against the white-rot or soft-rot fungi. More investigation is needed concerning the tannin source and the purification procedure of the extracts before tannins can be considered as an ecologically benign wood preservative.

Lignin degrading system of white-rot fungi and its exploitation for dye decolorization

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Shah ◽  
Frantisek Nerud
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Pyranose Oxidase ◽  
Degrading System ◽  
Glyoxal Oxidase

With global attention and research now focused on looking for the abatement of pollution, white-rot fungi is one of the hopes of the future. The lignin-degrading ability of these fungi have been the focus of attention for many years and have been exploited for a wide array of human benefits. This review highlights the various enzymes produced by white-rot fungi for lignin degradation, namely laccases, peroxidases, aryl alcohol oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and pyranose oxidase. Also discussed are the various radicals and low molecular weight compounds that are being produced by white-rot fungi and its role in lignin degradation. A brief summary on the developments in research of decolorization of dyes using white-rot fungi has been made.Key words: lignin degradation, white-rot fungi, laccase, peroxidase, radicals, dye decolorization.

Decolorization of the polymeric dye Poly R-478 by wood-inhabiting fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Freitag ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Polymeric Dye

Decolorization of the polymeric dye Poly R-478, an indicator of phenoloxidase activity, was examined as a potential method for separating white- and brown-rot fungi taxonomically and for screening for ligninolytic capability. In plate tests, decolorization proceeded more slowly than radial growth, which indicates that decolorizing enzymes are associated with growing and developed hyphae. Strains of the same species differed in decolorizing ability, but as expected, there were no differences between monokaryons and dikaryons of the same species. Raising the temperature from 20 to 40 °C usually increased the decolorization rate, but less than it increased the growth rate. Most brown-rot, soft-rot, or xylophilous fungi did not decolorize the dye, but 16 of 47 brown-rot fungi weakly decolorized the dye at 20 or 30 °C. Aspergillus niger and one Henningsomyces sp. also decolorized the dye. Studies with the brown-rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Fomitopsis pinicola on liquid media revealed no lignin peroxidase or manganese-dependent peroxidase activity, although nonspecific peroxidase activity was detected. Poly R-478 proved useful for selecting most white-rot fungi; however, some brown-rot fungi also reacted positively in these tests. Further studies on the pathways and mechanisms of dye decolorization by brown-rot fungi are recommended. Key words: brown rot, white rot, polymeric dyes, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase.

scholarly journals Mycoremediation of Soils Polluted with Trichloroethylene: First Evidence of Pleurotus Genus Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Begoña Mayans ◽  
Raquel Camacho-Arévalo ◽  
Carlos García-Delgado ◽  
Cynthia Alcántara ◽  
Norbert Nägele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Mn Peroxidase ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Industrial Cleaning

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a proven carcinogenic chlorinated organic compound widely used as a solvent in industrial cleaning solutions; it is easily found in the soil, air, and water and is a hazardous environmental pollutant. Most studies have attempted to remove TCE from air and water using different anaerobic bacteria species. In addition, a few have used white-rot fungi, although there are hardly any in soil. The objective of the present work is to assess TCE removal efficiency using two species of the genus Pleurotus that have not been tested before: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii, growing on a sandy loam soil. These fungi presented different intra- and extracellular enzymatic systems (chytochrome P450 (CYP450), laccase, Mn peroxidase (MnP)) capable of aerobically degrading TCE to less harmful compounds. The potential toxicity of TCE to P. ostreatus and P. eryngii was firstly tested in a TCE-spiked liquid broth (70 mg L−1 and 140 mg L−1) for 14 days. Then, both fungi were assessed for their ability to degrade the pollutant in sandy loam soil spiked with 140 mg kg−1 of TCE. P. ostreatus and P. eryngii improved the natural dissipation of TCE from soil by 44%. Extracellular enzymes were poorly expressed, but mainly in the presence of the contaminant, in accordance with the hypothesis of the involvement of CYP450.

scholarly journals Activity of spent coffee ground cinnamates against wood-decaying fungi in vitro

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 6555-6564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Barbero-López ◽  
Antonio Ochoa-Retamero ◽  
Yeray López-Gómez ◽  
Teemu Vilppo ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground

Fungi and microbes can remarkably degrade the appearance and durability of organic materials, such as wood. The inhibitory effects of natural phenolics may offer more sustainable alternatives to preserve wood than the toxic biocides that are currently used. Although pure caffeine has been proven to have antibacterial properties, the applicability of spent coffee in wood preservation has not been determined. This work conducted in vitro tests with three brown rot and one white rot fungi and demonstrated the potential of spent coffee-derived cinnamates, analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, as antimicrobial agents. Spent coffee at concentrations of 1% and above in the growing media caused significant growth suppression of all of the fungi. This was not only because of the caffeine, but also the other chemicals present in the residue extracts, which demonstrated that spent coffee could be used as a source of green chemicals in wood preservative formulations.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Direct Blue 14 and Extracellular Ligninolytic Enzyme Production by White Rot Fungi:PleurotusSpp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Singh ◽  
S. K. Vishwakarma ◽  
A. K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Direct Blue

In the present investigation, four species of white rot fungi (Pleurotus), that is,P. flabellatus, P. florida, P. ostreatusandP. sajor-cajuwere used for decolorization of direct blue 14 (DB14). Among all four species ofPleurotus,P. flabellatusshowed the fastest decolorization in petri plates on different concentration, that is, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, and 600 mg/L. All these four species were also evaluated for extracellular ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and manganese peroxidase) production and it was observed that the twelve days old culture ofP. flabellatusshowed the maximum enzymatic activity, that is, 915.7 U/mL and 769.2 U/mL of laccase and manganese peroxidase, respectively. Other threePleurotusspecies took more time for dye decolorization and exhibited less enzymatic activities. The rate of decolorization of DB14 dye solution (20 mg/L) by crude enzymes isolated fromP. flabellatuswas very fast, and it was observed that up to 90.39% dye solution was decolorized in 6 hrs of incubation.

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