Activity of Ligninolytic Enzymes during Growth and Fruiting Body Development of White Rot Fungi Omphalina sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus

AbstractThe Agaricomycetes are fruiting body forming fungi that produce some of the most efficient enzyme systems to degrade woody plant materials. Despite decades-long interest in the ecological and functional diversity of wood-decay types and in fruiting body development, the evolution of the genetic repertoires of both traits are incompletely known. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of Auriculariopsis ampla, a close relative of the model species Schizophyllum commune. Comparative analyses of wood-decay genes in these and other 29 Agaricomycetes species revealed that the gene family composition of A. ampla and S. commune are transitional between that of white rot species and less efficient wood-degraders (brown rot, ectomycorrhizal). Rich repertoires of suberinase and tannase genes were found in both species, with tannases generally restricted to species that preferentially colonize bark-covered wood. Analyses of fruiting body transcriptomes in both A. ampla and S. commune highlighted a high rate of divergence of developmental gene expression. Several genes with conserved developmental expression were found, nevertheless, including 9 new transcription factors as well as small secreted proteins, some of which may serve as fruiting body-specific effector molecules. Taken together, the genome sequence and developmental transcriptome of Auriculariopsis ampla has highlighted novel aspects of wood-decay diversity and of fruiting body development in mushroom-forming fungi.

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Evaluation of Basidiomycetes Wild Strains Grown in Agro-Industrial Residues for Their Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Potential and for the Production of Biocatalysts

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7010019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Anastasia Zerva ◽

Nikolaos Tsafantakis ◽

Evangelos Topakas

Keyword(s):

Biomass Conversion ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biologically Active ◽

White Rot ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Industrial Residues ◽

Pure Compounds ◽

Wild Strains

White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms with the ability to produce both hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) enzymes for degrading cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, they produce biologically active natural products with important application in cosmetic formulations, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts. In the present work, three wild strains of Basidiomycetes fungi (Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Abortiporus biennis and Ganoderma resinaceum) from Greek habitats were grown in agro-industrial residues (oil mill wastewater, and corn cob) and evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activity and for the production of biotechnologically relevant enzymes. P. citrinopileatus showed the most interesting tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while A. biennis showed the highest DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging potential. Corn cobs were the most appropriate carbon source for maximizing the inhibitory effect of fungal biomasses on both activities, while the use of oil mill wastewater selectively increased the anti-tyrosinase potential of P. citrinopileatus culture filtrate. All strains were found to be preferential lignin degraders, similarly to most white-rot fungi. Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the proteome of the strains P. citrinopileatus and A. biennis, focusing on CAZymes with biotechnological relevance, and the results were compared with the enzyme activities of culture supernatants. Overall, all three strains showed strong production of oxidative enzymes for biomass conversion applications.

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