The Relationship between the Isocapnic Buffering Phase and Ventilatory Threshold in Endurance Athletes and Team Sport Athletes during an Incremental Exercise Test

Background: One of the most debilitating effects of advancing age is the progressive decline in aerobic exercise capacity. To prevent this decrease, exercise prescription has been proved to be effective in compensating for the age-associated decline in maximal oxygen capacity. Methods: 27 healthy sedentary elderly men (10) and women (17) aged 67±7 yr, were involved in a tailored 6-week intermittent exercise programme, with 30 min cycling per session, 3 times a week. One session alternated 4 min at a workload corresponding to the ventilatory threshold (called “bases”) and 1 min to a charge corresponding to 90% of the maximum tolerated power of the subjects (called “peaks”). This was repeated 6 times during one session. To determine these charges, all subjects underwent a 1-minute-step maximal incremental exercise test to find out their maximal tolerated power, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), maximal heart rate, and maximal lactate. A second maximal incremental exercise test was performed after the programme, to compare the different parameters. Results: For the whole group, maximal tolerated power increased from 113±8 watts to 13±9 watts (P < 0.001), VO2 peak increased from 19.8±0.9 ml·kg-1·min-1 to 22.2 ±0.9 ml·kg-1·min-1 (P=0.002), maximal heart rate (143±4 vs 144±4 beats·min-1) and maximal lactate (5.4±0.3 vs 5.7±0.3 mmol·L-1) did not change. VO2 at ventilatory threshold increased from 950±57 ml·min-1 to 1095±69 ml·min-1 (P=0.007), and the corresponding power increased from 65±5 watts to 82±6 watts (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Even after a short time training programme (6 weeks), we observed a significant improvement in aerobic capacity, and especially in sub-maximal workloads, which represented, for these subjects, their daily-life capacity.

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Changes in physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters in police working dogs during a treadmill incremental exercise test

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep200016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 387-394

Author(s):

J.C. Alves ◽

A. Santos ◽

P. Jorge ◽

M.P. Lafuente

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Rest Period ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Incremental Exercise Test ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Working Dogs ◽

Stage T1

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological, haematological and biochemical changes during a treadmill incremental exercise test (IET). Animals were submitted to five stages of 6 min each, at 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mph, at an inclination of 5%. Blood samples were collected at rest (T0), immediately after exercise (T5) and after a 20 min rest period (T6), to determine complete blood count, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total plasma protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), cholesterol, triglycerides (Trig), Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Cl-. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT) and glycaemia were measured at rest (T0), after each stage (T1-T5) and after the rest period (T6). Variations were recorded between T0 and T5 in red blood cells, haemoglobin, AP, Na+, K+ (P<0.01), Trig (P<0.05), Ca2+ and Cl- (P<0.02). Differences were observed in BL at T5 (P<0.02) and T6 (P<0.02), RT at T2-T6 (P<0.01), HR at T3-T5 (P<0.01) and glycaemia at T2-T4 (P<0.01) and T5 (P<0.05). This study is a novel description of the shifts of physical fit police working dogs during this IET protocol.

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Ventilatory compensation during the incremental exercise test is inversely correlated with air trapping in COPD

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20444.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1661

Author(s):

Rottem Kuint ◽

Neville Berkman ◽

Samir Nusair

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Peak Exercise ◽

Air Trapping ◽

Incremental Exercise Test ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽

Copd Patients

Background: Air trapping and gas exchange abnormalities are major causes of exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing, actual nadir values of ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (V E/VCO 2) and oxygen (V E/VO 2) may be difficult to identify in COPD patients because of limited ventilatory compensation capacity. Therefore, we aimed in this exploratory study to detect a possible correlation between the magnitude of ventilation augmentation, as manifested by increments in ventilatory equivalents from nadir to peak exercise values and air trapping, detected with static testing. Methods: In this observational study, we studied data obtained previously from 20 COPD patients who, during routine follow-up, underwent a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and in whom a plethysmography was obtained concurrently. Air trapping at rest was assessed by measurement of the residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (RV/TLC). Gas exchange data collected during the symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test allowed determination of the nadir and peak exercise values of V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, thus enabling calculation of the difference between peak exrcise value and nadir values of V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, designated ΔV E/VCO 2 and ΔV E/VO 2, respectively. Results: We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between both ΔV E/VCO 2 (r = -0. 5058, 95% CI -0.7750 to -0.08149, p = 0.0234) and ΔV E/VO 2 (r = -0.5588, 95% CI -0.8029 to -0.1545, p = 0.0104) and the degree of air trapping (RV/TLC). There was no correlation between ΔV E/VCO 2 and forced expiratory volume in the first second, or body mass index. Conclusions: The ventilatory equivalents increment to compensate for acidosis during incremental exercise testing was inversely correlated with air trapping (RV/TLC).

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Ventilatory compensation during the incremental exercise test is inversely correlated with air trapping in COPD

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20444.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1661

Author(s):

Rottem Kuint ◽

Neville Berkman ◽

Samir Nusair

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Air Trapping ◽

Incremental Exercise Test ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽

Copd Patients

Background: Air trapping and gas exchange abnormalities are major causes of exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing, ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2) may be difficult to identify in COPD patients because of limited ventilatory compensation capacity. Therefore, we aimed to detect a possible correlation between the magnitude of ventilation augmentation, as manifested by increments in ventilatory equivalents from nadir to peak effort values and air trapping, detected with static testing. Methods: In this observational study, we studied data obtained previously from 20 COPD patients who, during routine follow-up, underwent a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and in whom a plethysmography was obtained concurrently. Air trapping at rest was assessed by measurement of the residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (RV/TLC). Gas exchange data collected during the symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test allowed determination of the nadir and peak effort values of VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2, thus enabling calculation of the difference between peak effort value and nadir values of VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2, designated ΔVE/VCO2 and ΔVE/VO2, respectively. Results: We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between both ΔVE/VCO2 (r = -0. 5058, 95% CI -0.7750 to -0.08149, p = 0.0234) and ΔVE/VO2 (r = -0.5588, 95% CI -0.8029 to -0.1545, p = 0.0104) and the degree of air trapping (RV/TLC). There was no correlation between ΔVE/VCO2 and peak oxygen consumption, forced expiratory volume in the first second, or body mass index. Conclusions: The ventilatory equivalents increment to compensate for acidosis during incremental exercise testing was inversely correlated with air trapping (RV/TLC) and may be a candidate prognostic biomarker.

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