Maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold and fat oxidation after an incremental exercise test in triathletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanapi M. Johari ◽  
Brinnell A. Caszo ◽  
Victor F. Knight ◽  
Steven A. Lumley ◽  
Aminuddin K. Abdul Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test

scholarly journals Comparison of the Ramp and Step Incremental Exercise Test Protocols in Assessing the Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate in Youth Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Natalia Danek ◽  
Marek Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

Abstract The incremental exercise test is the most common method in assessing the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the progressive linear RAMP test can be used to assess the maximal fat oxidation rate along with the intensities that trigger its maximal (FATmax) and its minimal (FATmin) values. Our study comprised 57 young road cyclists who were tested in random order. Each of them was submitted to two incremental exercise tests on an electro-magnetically braked cycle-ergometer - STEP (50 W·3 min-1) and RAMP (~0.278 W·s-1) at a 7-day interval. A stoichiometric equation was used to calculate the fat oxidation rate, while the metabolic thresholds were defined by analyzing ventilation gases. The Student’s T-test, Bland-Altman plots and Pearson’s linear correlations were resorted to in the process of statistical analysis. No statistically significant MFO variances occurred between the tests (p = 0.12) and its rate amounted to 0.57 ± 0.15 g·min-1 and 0.53 ± 0.17 g·min-1 in the STEP and RAMP, respectively. No statistically significant variances in the absolute and relative (to maximal) values of oxygen uptake and heart rate were discerned at the FATmax and FATmin intensities. The RAMP test displayed very strong oxygen uptake correlations between the aerobic threshold and FATmax (r = 0.93, R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001) as well as the anaerobic threshold and FATmin (r = 0.88, R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). Our results corroborate our hypothesis that the incremental RAMP test as well as the STEP test are reliable tools in assessing MFO, FATmax and FATmin intensities.

scholarly journals Performance Profile among Age Categories in Young Cyclists

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Cristian Marín-Pagán ◽  
Stéphane Dufour ◽  
Tomás T. Freitas ◽  
Pedro E. Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Major Interest

Endurance profile assessment is of major interest to evaluate the cyclist’s performance potential. In this regard, maximal oxygen uptake and functional threshold power are useful functional parameters to determine metabolic training zones (ventilatory threshold). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the physiological profile of different road cyclist age categories (Youth, Junior, and Under-23) to obtain the performance requirements. Sixty-one competitive road cyclists (15–22 years) performed a maximal incremental test on a bike in order to determine functional parameters (maximal fat oxidation zone, ventilatory thresholds, maximal oxygen uptake, and functional threshold power) and metabolic training zones. The results suggest major differences, with the Youth group showing clear changes in all metabolic zones except in fat oxidation. The main differences between Under-23 vs. Junior groups were observed in maximal relative power output (Under-23: 6.70 W·Kg−1; Junior: 6.17 W·Kg−1) and relative functional threshold power (Under-23: 4.91 W·Kg−1; Junior: 4.48 W·Kg−1). The Youth group physiological profile is clearly different to the other age categories. Some parameters normalized to body weight (maximal oxygen consumption, load and functional threshold power) could be interesting to predict a sporting career during the Junior and Under-23 stages.

Reduced Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Post-Menopausal Overweight-Obese Women with Higher Lipid Accumulation Product Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (08) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Stein ◽  
Igor Martins Silva ◽  
Gilson P. Dorneles ◽  
Fabio Santos Lira ◽  
Pedro Romão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background and Aims The main aim of this study was to analyze how the lipid accumulation affects the whole-body fat oxidation over a range of intensities during a submaximal incremental exercise test in post-menopausal overweight-obese women. Patients and Methods The maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the intensity where the MFO occurs (FatMax), fat oxidation were measured over a range of intensities during a submaximal incremental exercise test through indirect calorimetry in 60 postmenopausal overweight-obese women (aged>49 years; body mass index 28.0 to 39.0 kg/m²). The metabolic profile of participants was evaluated and the LAP index was calculated (waist-58×triglycerides [mmol/L]). A cutoff point of 34.5 was adopted and participant were designed as low LAP index (n=30) or high LAP index (n=30). Results During submaximal exercise postmenopausal overweight-obese women with low LAP index showed a higher fat oxidation at 50% (0.53±0.05 vs. 0.45±0.12 g/min; p=0.01), 60% (0.40±0.06 vs. 0.31±0.16 g/min; p=0.02) and 70% (0.34±0.08 vs. 0.25±0.15 g/min; p=0.03) of VO2Peak than those with high LAP index. No significant difference was observed in carbohydrate oxidation between groups (p>0.05) during exercise. Moreover, a significant difference in absolute MFO (p=0.018), MFO relative to free fat mass (p=0.043) and FatMax (p=0.002) was identified. Conclusion Postmenopausal overweight-obese women who showed unhealthy metabolic phenotype evaluated through LAP index presented low fat oxidation during a submaximal incremental exercise.

Physiological Responses to Short-Duration High-Intensity Intermittent Rowing

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Gullstrand
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Rowing Ergometer

Six highly trained male elite rowers performed five sets of intermittent exercise on a rowing ergometer at competition intensity. Each set consisted of eight cycles of 15 s work and 15 s rest (15/15). Each set was repeated at 30-s intervals. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were continuously measured during each set. During the period between sets, microsamples of arterialized blood were obtained and later analyzed for lactate concentration. On two separate days, each subject also performed a 6-min bout of "all-out " exercise and a continuous incremental exercise test to fatigue on the rowing ergometer. During the intermittent rowing, no significant differences were detected in any of the measured variables between sets. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, and blood lactate averaged 89, 78, and 32%, respectively, of peak values measured during the continuous incremental exercise test. It is concluded that with rowing, the investigated 15/15 intermittent exercise model demands relatively high aerobic loading and low glycolytic activity. This exercise protocol may be considered an alternative model for training which allows rowers to work for prolonged periods of time at or slightly above competition intensity. Key words: Intermittent exercise, blood lactate, heart rate, oxygen uptake

scholarly journals Feeding Tolerance, Glucose Availability, and Whole-Body Total Carbohydrate and Fat Oxidation in Male Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Runners in Response to Prolonged Exercise, Consuming a Habitual Mixed Macronutrient Diet and Carbohydrate Feeding During Exercise

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Rauch ◽  
Alan J. McCubbin ◽  
Stephanie K. Gaskell ◽  
Ricardo J. S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Using metadata from previously published research, this investigation sought to explore: (1) whole-body total carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates of endurance (e.g., half and full marathon) and ultra-endurance runners during an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion and steady-state exercise while consuming a mixed macronutrient diet and consuming carbohydrate during steady-state running and (2) feeding tolerance and glucose availability while consuming different carbohydrate regimes during steady-state running. Competitively trained male endurance and ultra-endurance runners (n = 28) consuming a balanced macronutrient diet (57 ± 6% carbohydrate, 21 ± 16% protein, and 22 ± 9% fat) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion and one of three 3 h steady-state running protocols involving a carbohydrate feeding regime (76–90 g/h). Indirect calorimetry was used to determine maximum fat oxidation (MFO) in the incremental exercise and carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates during steady-state running. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), breath hydrogen (H2), and blood glucose responses were measured throughout the steady-state running protocols. Despite high variability between participants, high rates of MFO [mean (range): 0.66 (0.22–1.89) g/min], Fatmax [63 (40–94) % V̇O2max], and Fatmin [94 (77–100) % V̇O2max] were observed in the majority of participants in response to the incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Whole-body total fat oxidation rate was 0.8 ± 0.3 g/min at the end of steady-state exercise, with 43% of participants presenting rates of ≥1.0 g/min, despite the state of hyperglycemia above resting homeostatic range [mean (95%CI): 6.9 (6.7–7.2) mmol/L]. In response to the carbohydrate feeding interventions of 90 g/h 2:1 glucose–fructose formulation, 38% of participants showed breath H2 responses indicative of carbohydrate malabsorption. Greater gastrointestinal symptom severity and feeding intolerance was observed with higher carbohydrate intakes (90 vs. 76 g/h) during steady-state exercise and was greatest when high exercise intensity was performed (i.e., performance test). Endurance and ultra-endurance runners can attain relatively high rates of whole-body fat oxidation during exercise in a post-prandial state and with carbohydrate provisions during exercise, despite consuming a mixed macronutrient diet. Higher carbohydrate intake during exercise may lead to greater gastrointestinal symptom severity and feeding intolerance.

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