scholarly journals The Influence of Geomorphological Characteristics of Forest Sites on the Decay Dynamics of Dead Trees in Asalem Forests, Western Hyrcanian Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Kiomars Sefidi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Trees ◽  
Forest Sites

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF FOREST SITES AFFECTED BY THE INFLUENCE OF EIGHT-DENTATED BARK BEETLE (IPS TYPOGRAPHUS) IN THE KURILSKIY RESERVE (KUNASHIR ISLAND)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Nana Pirtskhalava ◽  
Aleksandr Karpov ◽  
Mikhail Grishchenko ◽  
Evgeniy Kozlovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Kunashir Island ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
South Kuril Islands

Climate change has a major impact on forest pest outbreaks. In recent years, there have been several major climatic events in the South Kuril Islands that have cascaded impacts on forest pests. One of these effects was exerted by the typhoon of 2014, after which the coniferous forests began to dry out in the Kurilskiy Nature Reserve, as well as in the protected zone. Drying of forests on the island of Kunashir is one of the main problems. The aim of this study was to detect and study the sites of attack of eight-dentated bark beetle (Ips typographus) in the reserve, laying test areas in the distribution foci. This study showed that spruce aged 50-70 are mainly susceptible to the attacks of eight-dentated bark beetle. However, it is worth noting that the attack of the bark beetle was seen more on Sakhalin spruce (Piceaglehnii), less - on Yezo spruce (Piceajezoensis) in the places where the test plots were laid. In addition, the study has identified significant differences between healthy, weakened trees and neighboring dead trees attacked by Ipstypographus. These differences were most pronounced in: individual shading, collective shading, and distance and tier factors. Forest pests have not been relatively studied previously. This study will give a new understanding of its ecology, as well as practical opportunities for its management

INVENTARISASI JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS FILUM ASCOMYCOTA DI KAWASAN UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Repita Kristin ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Mukarlina Mukarlina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Dead Trees

Ascomycota is a microscopic fungi and a fraction of macroscopic, unicellular and multicellular fungi. The research of Ascomycota phylum macroscopic fungi inventory research aims to determine the type macroscopic fungi of Ascomycota phylum members in Tanjungpura University Area, Pontianak, West Borneo. The sample was taken by using Cruise Method and identified by matching morphological characteristics of the specimens with the identification book. Ascomycota  identification of macroscopic fungi samples of Ascomycota phylum based on morphological characteristics with the identification books. The results study found have 3 macroscopic fungi species consisting of 2 classes, 2 orders, 2 families, and 2 genera. In addition, Ascomycota found in Tanjungpura University Area, Pontianak, West Borneo, grow mostly on the substrate originated from dead trees.

Subsoiling promotes native plant establishment on compacted forest sites

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Archuleta ◽  
Eric S. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Forest Sites

25 Jahre nationale Bodenbeobachtung im Schweizer Wald | 25 years of soil monitoring at forest sites in Switzerland

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (12) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Reto Giulio Meuli ◽  
Peter Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Guide Value ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Limestone Weathering ◽  
Guide Values ◽  
Jurassic Limestone

The national soil monitoring network (Nabo) consists of 105 sites across Switzerland, 28 of which are located in forests. After 25 years already seven forest sites (25%) were more or less damaged by storms. Two of them had to be abandoned for a decade to recover. Concerning precautionary soil protection the legal guide value is exceeded at three forest sites for cadmium and at one site also for chromium. These sites are all based on Jurassic limestone, and it is well known that residuals of limestone weathering can be rich in cadmium. Hence, the enrichment is supposed to be of geogenic origin. In the Canton Ticino the top soil at Novaggio site exceeds the guide value for lead. Here, anthropogenic origin is very likely. The analysis of the organic pollutants PAH and PCB in the third sampling campaign revealed moderate concentrations with a maximum lower than or equal to ⅔ of the corresponding guide value. Based on the results of the first four sampling campaigns it can be concluded that only small changes in the measured heavy metal concentrations in the top soils at the 28 Nabo sites were found. The most dynamic element is lead. Most of the concentrations are far below the guide values, the same holds for the organic pollutants PAH and PCB.

Dead trees mean life to Italian barbastelle bats

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
Danilo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Dead Trees

RECLAMATION OF FOREST SITES DISTURBED BY MINING ACTIVITY USING ORGANIC AMENDMENTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica R. Ott ◽  
◽  
Daniel G. Strawn ◽  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Forest Sites

scholarly journals Classification of Tree Species as Well as Standing Dead Trees Using Triple Wavelength ALS in a Temperate Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Amiri ◽  
Peter Krzystek ◽  
Marco Heurich ◽  
Andrew Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
532 Nm

Knowledge about forest structures, particularly of deadwood, is fundamental for understanding, protecting, and conserving forest biodiversity. While individual tree-based approaches using single wavelength airborne laserscanning (ALS) can successfully distinguish broadleaf and coniferous trees, they still perform multiple tree species classifications with limited accuracy. Moreover, the mapping of standing dead trees is becoming increasingly important for damage calculation after pest infestation or biodiversity assessment. Recent advances in sensor technology have led to the development of new ALS systems that provide up to three different wavelengths. In this study, we present a novel method which classifies three tree species (Norway spruce, European beech, Silver fir), and dead spruce trees with crowns using full waveform ALS data acquired from three different sensors (wavelengths 532 nm, 1064 nm, 1550 nm). The ALS data were acquired in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany) under leaf-on conditions with a maximum point density of 200 points/m 2 . To avoid overfitting of the classifier and to find the most prominent features, we embed a forward feature selection method. We tested our classification procedure using 20 sample plots with 586 measured reference trees. Using single wavelength datasets, the highest accuracy achieved was 74% (wavelength = 1064 nm), followed by 69% (wavelength = 1550 nm) and 65% (wavelength = 532 nm). An improvement of 8–17% over single wavelength datasets was achieved when the multi wavelength data were used. Overall, the contribution of the waveform-based features to the classification accuracy was higher than that of the geometric features by approximately 10%. Our results show that the features derived from a multi wavelength ALS point cloud significantly improve the detailed mapping of tree species and standing dead trees.

scholarly journals Distinct Biogeographic Patterns for Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi along the Vegetation Gradient at the Continental Scale in Eastern China

mSystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ma ◽  
Zhongmin Dai ◽  
Haizhen Wang ◽  
Melissa Dsouza ◽  
Xingmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Vegetation Gradient ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

ABSTRACT Understanding biogeographic patterns is a precursor to improving our knowledge of the function of microbiomes and to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Using natural forest soil samples from 110 locations, this study is one of the largest attempts to comprehensively understand the different patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal biogeography at the continental scale in eastern China. These patterns in natural forest sites could ascertain reliable soil microbial biogeographic patterns by eliminating anthropogenic influences. This information provides guidelines for monitoring the belowground ecosystem’s decline and restoration. Meanwhile, the deviations in the soil microbial communities from corresponding natural forest states indicate the extent of degradation of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, given the association between vegetation type and the microbial community, this information could be used to predict the long-term response of the underground ecosystem to the vegetation distribution caused by global climate change. The natural forest ecosystem in Eastern China, from tropical forest to boreal forest, has declined due to cropland development during the last 300 years, yet little is known about the historical biogeographic patterns and driving processes for the major domains of microorganisms along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient. We predicted the biogeographic patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities across 110 natural forest sites along a transect across four vegetation zones in Eastern China. The distance decay relationships demonstrated the distinct biogeographic patterns of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. While historical processes mainly influenced bacterial community variations, spatially autocorrelated environmental variables mainly influenced the fungal community. Archaea did not display a distance decay pattern along the vegetation gradient. Bacterial community diversity and structure were correlated with the ratio of acid oxalate-soluble Fe to free Fe oxides (Feo/Fed ratio). Fungal community diversity and structure were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and free aluminum (Ald), respectively. The role of these environmental variables was confirmed by the correlations between dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and edaphic variables. However, most of the dominant OTUs were not correlated with the major driving variables for the entire communities. These results demonstrate that soil archaea, bacteria, and fungi have different biogeographic patterns and driving processes along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient, implying different community assembly mechanisms and ecological functions for archaea, bacteria, and fungi in soil ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Understanding biogeographic patterns is a precursor to improving our knowledge of the function of microbiomes and to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Using natural forest soil samples from 110 locations, this study is one of the largest attempts to comprehensively understand the different patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal biogeography at the continental scale in eastern China. These patterns in natural forest sites could ascertain reliable soil microbial biogeographic patterns by eliminating anthropogenic influences. This information provides guidelines for monitoring the belowground ecosystem’s decline and restoration. Meanwhile, the deviations in the soil microbial communities from corresponding natural forest states indicate the extent of degradation of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, given the association between vegetation type and the microbial community, this information could be used to predict the long-term response of the underground ecosystem to the vegetation distribution caused by global climate change. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.

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